Крок 1 · Фармація, промислова фармація 2012 · Англійська

Microscopic examination of absorption zone of primary root cortex revealed that it consisted mainly of loose multilayer living parenchyma with amyloid granules. It is called:

An excess of concentrated ammonium hydroxide is a group reagent for the cations of the VI analytical group (acidbase classification) Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, Hg²⁺. In this case the following substances are formed:

Both external and internal indicators are used in the following titrimetric method of analysis

Which of the listed reactions indicates the basic properties of pyridine?

Estimation of temperature of phase transition at different pressures is of great practical importance for modern pharmaceutical industry and can be done by applying:

A patient with ischemic heart disease has been administered inosine, which is an intermediate metabolite in the synthesis of:

Examination of the lower limbs of a 40-year-old patient with coronary artery disease and vascular disease of the lower limbs (obliterating endarteritis) revealed skin pallor and dystrophy, local temperature decrease, sense shock, pain. The patient is likely to have the following disorder of the peripheral blood circulation:

A patient has been found to have sugar in the urine. Blood glucose is normal. Arterial pressure is normal. What is the mechanism of glycosuria development in this case?

What compound is formed by heating α-hydroxypropionic acid?

Rates of chemical reactions of the same order are compared by:

Amylolytic enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. They have an effect upon the following chemical bond:

Which of the following names corresponds with the formula:

What indicator is used for the quantitative determination of sodium carbonate in a preparation by the method of acidbase titration?

Depressive states can be treated by means of drugs inhibiting the enzyme that inactivates biogenic amines. Specify this enzyme:

Solutions of some electrolytes are used as medications. What is the maximum value of the isotonic coefficient for MgSO₄ solution?

What substance blocks the conduction of excitation in the neuromuscular synapses?

The labels of some medications have an inscription: Shake before use! This warning is caused by:

Which of these formulas corresponds with acetoacetic acid?

Blood serum electrophoresis revealed interferon. This protein is in the following fraction:

Proteolytic enzymes of gastric juice exhibit maximum activity in the medium with the following pH:

After taking phenacetin a patient developed acute sore throat, body temperature rise. Examination allowed doctors to make a diagnosis of necrotic angina and agranulocytosis. Agranulocytosis can be characterized by a decrease in the amount of the following WBCs:

A newborn born to an Rh-negative mother (3rd pregnancy) presents with progressing jaundice, symptoms of CNS excitation, anemia. What type of jaundice is it?

A plant under examination has papilionaceous flower. This plant belongs in the family:

Van't Hoff's rule is used for determining the shelf life of drugs. The temperature coefficient of the rate of most chemical reactions lies within the following range:

In an emergency situation a scuba diver has quickly risen from the depths to the surface, which is against the rule. He is unconscious, presents with respiratory failure and cardiac activity disorder as a result of decompression sickness. What complication may develop in the scuba diver?

A patient has been hospitalized for chronic heart failure. Objectively: skin and mucous membranes are cyanotic, the patient has tachycardia, tachypnea. What type of hypoxia has developed in the patient?

The solid residue obtained after evaporation of the sample solution makes the colorless flame of burner turn yellow, and when watched through a blue glass, it looks purple. What cations are present in the solid residue?

Amino group of p-aminobenzoic acid is involved into reaction with the following
reagent:

Urine analysis revealed a decrease in sodium ion concentration. Which hormone provides an enhanced reabsorption of sodium ions in the convoluted nephron tubules?

Thermodynamic calculations allow us to determine the possibility and direction of spontaneous processes. In an isolated system the change of the following thermodynamic function is used for this purpose:

Histochemical test for fixed oils with sudan III results in the following stain colour:

The strongest acid among the hydrohalic acids is:

A solution contains cations of zinc and aluminum. Specify the reagent that allows to detect cations of zinc in this solution:

In a solution containing cations of copper (II) and zinc, the copper cations can be identified by means of the excess of the following reagent:

Concentration of magnesium sulfate in a drug can be determined by complexometric titration. Choose an indicator to detect the end point of titration:

Choose a pair of electrodes for potentiometric pH measurement of a solution:

Microscopic examination of a perennial stem revealed integumentary tissue of secondary origin that was formed as a result of cell division of:

Heart rate of a person at rest is 40/min. What structure is the pacemaker of heart in this man?

The volume of air exhaled by a healthy person during quiet breathing was measured with a spirometer, it was 0,5 liter. What is this volume called?

A 40-year-old patient has developed polyuria (10-12 liters per day) and polydipsia induced by damage to the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract. What hormone deficiency causes such disorders?

The rate of a chemical reaction does not depend on the concentration of the reactants. Specify the order of such reaction:

Sulfonamides are widely used as bacteriostatic agents. The mechanism of antimicrobial action of sulfonamides is based on their structural similarity to:

Specify the reaction conditions (medium, to) in the standardization of potassium permanganate solution by sodium oxalate solution:

Which of the acids with the same concentration has the highest ionization degree (α)?

Select the correct name for the given compound:

Acylated amino group acts as a substituent of the following type:

Halide ions in drugs are determined by titration based upon the reaction of:

In the qualitative analysis which involves precipitation of sulphates of the third analytical group cations (Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺) the solubility of sulphates can be reduced by adding:

Lithium carbonate is used in medicine for the prevention and treatment of psychoses of different etiology. Li₂CO₃ can react with the following compound:

Drugs are commonly analyzed by means of potentiometric pH measurement. Which of the electrodes can be used for measuring the solution pH?

The ability of reagent to ensure a stable analytical effect in the interaction with the analyzed substance is characterized by:

To maintain a certain value of medium-pH the buffer solutions are used. Specify a composition of substances that DOES NOT HAVE buffer properties:

What solution can be determined by photocolorimetric method by selfabsorbance?

Uric acid is a derivative of:

What class of reactions does this reaction relate?

While studying a stem covered with periderm, the researcher realized that gas exchange takes place through?

Which of the ligands is bidentate?

An expression for the hydrolysis constant
<b>Kg = Kw / (K(acid) × K(base))</b></br /> corresponds with the following salt:

The conversion MnO₄⁻ → MnO₂ represents the following reaction:

The high energy from thermal dissociation of CO molecule (the binding energy of 1075 kJ) results from:

The sodium-potassium pump functioning in a cell is responsible for the transport of the following ions across the membrane:

In terms of water-air interface, the following substance acts as a surfaceactive substance:

A patient consulted a doctor about sunburns, decreased visual acuity.His hair, skin and eyes are not pigmented. He has been diagnosed with albinism. The patient presents with the following enzyme deficiency:

The causative agent of botulism causes severe food poisoning. Specify the most characteristic morphological feature of botulism causative agent:

After the Cannizzaro reaction for benzaldehyde the following compound is obtained:

Specify the reaction, through which salicylic acid can be synthesized:

Fatty degeneration of liver is prevented by lipotropic substances. Which of the following substances relates to them?

Alkaline reaction is typical for the solution of the following salt:

Nitrite ions in presence of nitrate ions can be detected by means of:

Which of the following substances relates to colloidal surface-active substances?

The cause of optical activity is the presence of the following organic compound in the molecular structure:

Given the ability of iodine to dissolve in nonpolar solvents, determine the type of chemical bond in an I₂ molecule:

Aqueous solution of CaCl₂ with mass concentration 10% is used for intravenous injections. What is the maximum value of isotonic coefficient of CaCl₂ in an aqueous solution?

Cryoscopic constants of water, benzene, chloroform, acetic acid and camphor equal to 1,86; 5,12; 4,9; 3,9; 40,0 respectively. Which of these solvents should be selected for the most accurate determination of the molar mass of a drug substance (nonelectrolyte) by the cryoscopic method?

Which of the listed carbonyl compounds gives a positive iodoforme reaction?

Which of these reactions can be used to identify the primary amino group?

For the quantitative analysis of ethanol the gas chromatography was used. Which parameter was measured?

Potassiumpermanganate reacting with hydrogen peroxide in acidic medium acts as:

Specify the number of electrons involved into formation of the isolated conjugated system in the pyrimidine molecule:

A patient has an increased concentration of hippuric acid in the urine. This acid is the product of benzoic acid detoxification in the liver of. In the human body benzoic acid is formed from the following amino acid:

A group of alpinists climbing to the top had their blood tested. The test revealed erythrocytosis and an increase in hemoglobin rate.What type of hypoxia caused the stimulation of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow?

Quite often, the soil may contain a number of pathogenic microorganisms. The causative agents of the following disease may exist in the soil for a long time:

Pathogenic microorganisms are characterized by presence of aggression enzymes that determine their virulence. Select an aggression enzyme:

By heating β-hydroxy acids the following substance is formed:

The pH of 0,001 M of hydrochloric acid solution is:

Which of the listed biologically active compounds inhibits the secretion of pancreatic juice?

What type of tautomerism is typical for the given compound?

The molar mass of calcium hydroxide equivalent (M(Ca(OH)₂) = 74 g/mol) is:

Bacteriological inspection of disinfection quality at a pharmacy revealed a microorganism in an utility room (in the sink). The microorganism has the following properties: mobile nonspore-forming gram-negative bacteria that form capsular substance, grow well on ordinary nutrient media, secrete the blue-green pigment. This microorganism is most likely to be of the following genus:

Microbiological analysis of medicinal raw materials revealed capsular bacteria. What stain method was used to detect the capsules?

The analyzed plant has hollow ribbed stems, compound umbel inflorescence, schizocarpic fruit (cremocarp) and is rich in essential oils, which is a characteristic of:

Specify the colour of phenolphthalein in the sodium sulfide solution:

In pharmaceutical technology an important part is played by pressure, temperature, concentration. The reaction yield can be increased by lowering the temperature of the following process:

To identify a drug by thin-layer chromatography the following parameter is used:

The intracellular metabolism of glycerol starts with its activation. What compound is formed in the first reaction of its conversion?

When ammonia enters into reaction with acids, this results in formation of ammonium salts. Which properties of ammonia characterize this process?

A patient had been diagnosed with right lung cancer and administered surgical treatment. After right-sided pulmonectomy the patient presented with evident dyspnea. What form of respiratory failure has developed in this patient?

What wave of ECG characterizes the spread of excitation throughout the heart atria?

Cardiac tones are the outer acoustic manifestations of heart functioning. What is the cause of the II tone?

In accordance with the requirements of the pharmacopoeia, the non-sterile medicinal preparations may include microorganisms. What micro-organisms MUST NOT be present in them?

While performing finger-nose test the examinee could not touch the tip of his nose with his fingertip having his eyes closed. What structure of the central nervous system is damaged?

A patient has obstruction of the common bile duct. Which of these substances is usually found in urine in such cases?

A continuous stay in the mountains causes an increase of blood oxygen capacity. What is the possible reason for this phenomenon?

A student had to analyze an axial plant organ characterized by radial symmetry, unlimited growth, positive geotropism. It provided nutrition, vegetative propagation, anchorage of plant in the soil. This organ was identified as . . .

A patient presents with fever, chill and cough. From his sputum the ovoid Gram-negative bipolar-stained bacilli with a delicate capsule were isolated. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Choose a name that corresponds to the formula: CH₃-C≡N:

What data is required to determine the activation energy?

A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus has developed a diffuse renal affection accompanied by proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, massive edema. What is the mechanism of proteinuria development in this case?

What reactions are used in the methods of permanganatometry, dichromatometry, iodometry?

In order to bind hydrogen ions during the identification of potassium ions with tartaric acid the following solution is used:

According to the Paneth-Fajans rule, the ion preferably adsorbed from a solution on the surface of a solid crystalline adsorbent is the ion, which:

Some medications are produced by hydrolysis of corresponding neutral salts. From the salts listed below, select the one that WILL NOT succumb to hydrolysis:

Which of the following reactions is required in order to obtain an azo dye out of an aromatic amine?

A solution containing calcium and magnesium cations is titrated with Trilon B solution. Complexometric titration of these cations requires the following medium:

What is the mechanism of bromination of toluene aromatic nucleus?

This scheme of nitroalkane synthesis is called the reaction of:

A hospital admitted a patient with arterial hypertension induced by renal artery stenosis, complaints of persistent nausea and headache. The main element in the pathogenesis of hypertension is the activation of the following system:

Nitrating mixture is a mixture of concentrated acids:

Bacterioscopic examination of chancre material revealed some mobile, long, convoluted microorganisms with 8-12 regular coils. These features are typical for:

Before a surgical operation, a surgeon treated his hands with an alcoholcontaining solution.Which group of drugs does this solution relate to?

In order to establish the possible contamination of a medication with fungi, a nutrient medium was inoculated, which resulted in growth of large cream-like colonies. What nutrient medium was used in this case?

Aniline can be converted into watersoluble salt by treatment with a solution of:

As a rule, the maximum oxidation number of an element is:

It is known that some chemical compounds uncouple the tissue respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. Name one of these compounds:

A warmly dressed child has spent a considerably long time out of doors. This resulted in body temperature elevation and general weakness development. What form of thermoregulation disorder is observed in this case?

A patient with pneumosclerosis has blood pH at the rate of 7,34. Analysis of gas formula of blood showed hypercapnia. Urine analysis revealed an acidity increase. What form of acid-base disbalance is the case?

The study of the main root ontogenesis shows that it has developed from:

The end product of starch hydrolysis is:

What reagent can help to distinguish between starch and glucose?

Which of the following solutions with the same molar concentration has the maximum osmotic pressure?

Pharmacopoeia test reaction for determination of benzoate ions is the interaction with the following solution:

If the amount of high-molecular substance added to the sol is very small, it may not increase but decrease its stability. This phenomenon is called:

In order to increase the inhibitory processes in the CNS the pharmacological agents are used that cause the following process on the postsynaptic membranes:

A 70-year-old patient has been found to have atherosclerosis of heart and brain vessels. Examination revealed the changes in the lipid profile. Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is greatly influenced by an increase in the following lipoproteins rate:

Calendula officinalis which a representative of the aster family is characterized by the following inflorescence type:

Which medicinal plant of the Asteraceae family has only disk flowers in the flowerhead?

After eating strawberries a child presented with itchy red spots on the skin (hives). According to the classification of Coombs and Jell this reaction relates to the following type of allergic reactions:

When determining the changes in membrane permeability during an action potential it was established that during the depolarization phase the following movement predominates:

Spore and pollen analysis revealed in the pollen some tetrahedral spores with a semi-circular base and a reticular surface, which may belong to:

In the practice of harvesting herbal rawmaterial of Asteraceae family the term "flowers"means both individual flowers and inflorescences. However, the notion of "flowers"is botanically correct only for:

What working solutions (titrants) are used in the method of precipitation titration - Folgard method?

In which of these reactions hydrogen acts as an oxidizing agent?

A perennial herbaceous plant has ascending quadrangular stem and oppositely arranged leaves. The flowers with bilabiate corolla are zygomorphic, bisexual, arranged in whorls in the leaf axils. The fruit type is coenobium. The described medicinal plant relates to the following botanic family:

Dysbiosis can be treated with drugs that contain living representatives of normal microflora as well as their metabolic products. Select the microorganisms that are used for the production of such drugs:

The primary structure of nucleic acids is a polynucleotide chain which has a certain composition and order of the nucleotides. What bonds stabilize this structure?

While determining the type and characteristics of conducting bundles of axial organs one should take into account the positional relation between phloem and xylem and...?

Growth of some cancer cells is caused by a certain growth factor. Treatment of leukemia involves applying an enzyme that destroys this essential factor. Specify this enzyme:

Medicinal plants infected by microorganisms cannot be used in the pharmaceutical industry. Invasive properties of phytopathogenic microorganisms are due to the following enzymes:

The medicinal plants growing on a plantations were found to have mosaic patterns on leaves. What microorganisms caused this affection?

Bacteria eventually become resistant to antibacterial agents. Resistance of gram-positive bacteria to penicillin antibiotics is caused by:

A 28-year-old male got a burn that caused an increase in spontaneous secretion of gastric juice. It is associated with secretion of the following substance:

Blood pressure is regulated by a number of biologically active compounds. What peptides that enter the bloodstream can affect the vascular tone?

Mycothallus of the fungus under study consists of a stipe, pileus, lamellar hymenophore. This fungus belongs in the class:

A laboratory received a sample of water used in drug production for sanitary and virological analysis.What group of viruses will indicate faecal contamination of water and thus the need for its additional purification?

Specify the indicator of the protective properties of high-molecular compounds of body that promote the keeping of calcium, phosphate and carbonate in blood plasma:

After an insulin injection a 45-yearold woman with a long history of diabetes mellitus has developed weakness, paleness, palpitation, anxiety, double vision, numbness of lips and the tip of tongue. Blood glucose is at the rate of 2,5 mmol/l. What complication has developed in the patient?

Morphological analysis of poplar inflorescence showed that it is a simple monopodial inflorescence: main axis is drooping, the flowers are sessile, unisexual. Specify the type of inflorescence:

Specify the compound with the most pronounced basic properties:

What is the equivalent of Al(OH)₃ in the reaction Al(OH)3 + 2HCl = Al(OH)Cl₂ + 2H₂O?