Крок 1 · Фармація, промислова фармація 2017 · Англійська

In a child-rearing facility there was an outbreak of measles. What specific urgent prophylaxis should be administered to contact UNVACCINATED children?

Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law is the basis of molecular absorption analysis. According to this law, optical density of a solution is:

Within folded parenchyma of a fir needle there are cavernous structures filled with galipot and lined with live thin-walled secretory cells. Name these structures:

A chemotherapeutic agent has bactericidal effect against streptococci, staphylococci, bacilli, and clostridia. According to its action spectrum this drug belongs to the following group:

Stem thickening occurs due to functioning of the following structures:

To determine mass fraction of sodium chloride in a drug, the Fajans method should be applied. Titration is to be performed in the presence of the following indicator solution:

Sulfanilamide drugs contain primary aromatic amides in their structure. Specify the method of quantitative determination of these compounds:

Microbe survival within environment is facilitated by spore formation. What microorganisms of those listed below are spore formers:

Synthesis of a medicinal substance occurs in an isolated system. What is a direction criterion of spontaneous processes?

Dissociation degree in 0,01 M water solution is the same for all the strong electrolytes listed below. Name the substance with the highest boiling temperature of such solution:

Proteins are of great importance for vital functions. What value of pH results in zero electrophoretic mobility of gelatin (gelatin isoelectric point equals 4,7)?

Enzymes are widely used as drugs in pharmacy. What is the main difference that separates enzymes from non-biological catalysts?

Chloroform and sodium nitrite solution were added into the acidulous investigated solution. The chloroform layer colored red-violet, which indicates the presence of:

The following should be used for sterilization of laboratory glassware in a microbiological laboratory:

Parents of a 10-year-old child have made an appointment with an endocrinologist due to complaints of the child’s low height. The child’s appearance is corresponding with that of a 5-yearold. What hormone causes such changes in physical development, if its secretion is disturbed?

Dry residue received after evaporation of the investigated solution turns previously colorless burner flame yellow, which is observed as violet through blue glass. What cations are there in the dry residue?

A smear of purulent excharge from urethra contains gram-negative beanshaped diplococci with both extra- and intracellular positions. Make the provisional microbiological diagnosis:

Under isobaric-isothermal conditions the possibility and direction of spontaneous processes can be predicted through change of:

Investigated solution contains potassium and ammonium ions. Specify the reagent that can indicate the presence of potassium ions in this solution:

An injured person exhibits the following signs at the site of trauma: skin redness, throbbing small arteries, elevated local temperature, increased tissue turgor. What local blood circulation disorder are these presentations typical of?

During investigation of bacterial contamination of air it is necessary to take into account both total amount of microorganisms in a certain volume and qualitative content of microflora. What microorganisms are the sanitary indicators of air contamination within enclosed spaces?

Purine ring biosynthesis occurs in ribose-5-phosphate through gradual accumulation of nitrogen and carbon atoms and closing of the rings. The source of ribose phosphate is the process of:

Number of freedom degrees at the point of intersection of liquidus with Y-axis on the fusibility chart of a twocomponent system would equal:

In the process of qualitative analysis to determine strontium ions, so-called ”gypseous water” is used. This substance can be defined as:

Which of the ligands is bidentate?

Name the pH value, under which occurs the most intense color change of an indicator:

To distinguish between phenol and salicylic acid the following reagent is used:

Bacterial culture obtained from patient DOES NOT grow when exposed to oxygen. Conditions suitable for bacterial culture growth can be created in:

Specify the number of electrons that participate in creation of closed conjugated system within the pyrimidine molecule:

An oncological patient was prescribed fluorouracil that is a competitive inhibitor of thymidine synthase. It inhibits the process of:

During feces analysis of a 3-monthold child with signs of enteric infection, numerous dark-red colonies has grown on Endo agar. What microorganisms can be the cause of such enteric infection?

Sedimentation analysis has been applied for assessment of air purity in an aseptic unit of a phamacy. The test resulted in growth of the small colonies with areas of hemolysis. What medium was used for inoculation?

Reaction of urea with nitrous acid produces the following:

Surface tension is an important characteristic of a liquid. What substance has maximal surface tension?

What standard solution can be used to standardize the solution of I2?

Catalysts are widely used in production of drugs. How can reaction acceleration in the presence of a catalyst be explained?

Microorganisms in the environment are being affected by various physical factors. What is the effect of high temperature on a microbial cell?

A person has been stung by a bee. The stung area developed redness and edema. What is the main mechanism of edema development?

During identification of fruits of Datura family they were determined to be a:

During examination of a patient with intestinal infection, inoculation in Endo medium resulted in multi-colored colonies: red and colorless. According to its purpose this medium can be determined as:

Formation enthalpy equals zero for the following substance:

Nicotinic acid amide fulfills important metabolic function. What disorder develops, when it is deficient in the organism?

At the triple point of the water phase diagram:

A patient was delivered into a resuscitation unit with signs of alcohol poisoning. The patient developed hypoxia of the following pathogenesis:

Since 2005 in Asian and European countries there was recorded unusually high avian flu morbidity. Such spread of epidemic process can be determined as:

Pharmacopoeia reaction to determine benzoate ions requires interaction with the solution of:

Tricarboxylic acid cycle is a general way of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids oxidation. Specify the acid with which acetyl-CoA reacts first in tricarboxylic acid cycle:

Specify the substance that results from the following reaction: CH ≡ CH HOH, Hg2+ −−−−−−−→?

Choose the indicator and titration method to determine hydrogen carbonate ions in a drug:

Pharmacopoeia reaction to determine phosphate ions is a reaction with magnesia mixture. It results in production of white crystalline precipitate gNH4PO4. Magnesia mixture consists
of the following:

An ophthalmologist has detected increased time of dark adaptation in a patient. What vitamin deficiency can result in such symptom?

Prolonged taking of cytostatic agents resulted in development of necrotic tonsillitis in the patient. It can be associated with the following changes in the leukocyte content:

During photosynthesis within plant cell chloroplasts there is short-term retained starch being produced, which rapidly hydrolyzes into glucose. This starch is called:

A patient with type I diabetes mellitus developed hyperketonemic coma. What acid-base imbalance will be observed in the patient?

Reaction rate constant of a hypothetical reaction is measured as s−1. What is the order of this reaction?

Species character of Thymus serpyllum includes: apical inflorescences (flower heads), dark punctate glands on the inferior surface of a leaf, long hairs along the edge of leaf base, and:

Natural peptides can perform various functions. What bioactive peptide is a major antioxidant and fulfills coenzyme functions?

Gout develops when purine nucleotide metabolism is disturbed. A doctor prescribed the patient allopurinol that is a competitive inhibitor of:

Specify the indicator of the protective properties of high-molecular compounds of body, which promote the retention of calcium, phosphate and carbonate in blood plasma:

In a research center there is a live vaccine against dysentery being created. What property of attenuated vaccine strain should coincide with the properties of original virulent strain of dysentery bacillus?

Plantago major inflorescence grows at the apex, its rachis is long, with sessile flowers. Name this type of inflorescence:

Microbiological investigation of vaginal suppositories determined them to be CONTRARY to the Pharmacopoeia demands. What microflora was detected in the suppositories, resulting in such a conclusion?

A number of hereditary diseases is caused by mutations in gene areas that determine beginning or end of an intron. What process results in removal of introns and joining of exons?

Hyperlipemia can be observed in 23 hours after eating fatty food. 9 hours later lipid content normalizes again. How can this condition be characterized?

Name the mercurimetry titrant:

What inflorescences are characteristic of Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) family?

What cation of the 4th analytical group is present in a solution, if its reaction with the group reagent results in formation of yellow precipitate?

A patient presents with icteric sclera and mucous tunics; urine is dark; feces are light-colored. Blood content of direct and indirect bilirubin is increased, urine content of direct bilirubin is increased. What pathology can be characterized by these signs?

The patient presents with rapid growth of a tumor node and its progressing malignization. What stage of tumor growth can be characterized by these presentations?

You are studying a silvery downy plant of Asteraceae family, which is rich with essential oils and bitters. Harvested are apical sprouts with panicle of small round flower heads. This plant is:

Among dosage forms there are numerous disperse systems. Specify the free disperse system:

A 55-year-old man, who had been suffering from mitral insufficiency for many years, developed acute heart failure. What pathophysiological type of heart failure can be observed in this case?

Cataract (lenticular opacity) has developed in a 52-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus. Lenticular opacity was caused by intensification of the following processes:

During practice in the laboratory the students had been investigating in vitro, how malonate affects enzymes of tricarboxylic acid cycle. They detected accumulation of the following metabolite:

Aqueous solution of the following substance will have the smallest surface tension, if all the listed solutions are taken in the same concentration:

A 45-year-old woman, who for two weeks has been taking neodicoumarin (ethyl biscoumacetate) due to trombophlebitis, during a regular examination was detected to have decreased blood content of prothrombin, in urine there is microhematuria. What drug should be administered as a neodicoumarin antagonist?

A patient complaining of dry mouth, photophobia, and visual impairment has been delivered into an admission room. The skin is hyperemic and dry; pupils are dilated; tachycardia is observed. The patient was diagnosed with belladonna alkaloids intoxication. What drug would be advisable?

A child accidentally took a drink from the vial of grandmother’s medicine for glaucoma. The medicine was identified as pilocarpine hydrochloride. What drug can be used as an antidote?

A woman suffering from neurosis has disturbed sleep. What drug is optimal for insomnia treatment?

What antiprotozoal drug can be recommended to a woman with trichomoniasis?

Select the halogenated antiseptic that would be preferable for a child to pack in the first aid kit, when going to a summer camp:

Name the most typical symptom of atropine poisoning:

A patient consulted an ophthalmologist about deterioration of twilight vision and xerophthalmus. What drug should the doctor prescribe?

A woman with hypertension came to a doctor complaining of dry cough that developed against the background of her therapy. What antihypertensive drug was she taking?

Decreased absorption of tetracyclines, if they are taken simultaneously with antacids, is an example of their:

A patient after craniocerebral trauma has been prescribed piracetam. What pharmacological group does this drug belong to?

Recommend the patient with glaucoma an M-cholinomimetic agent:

A patient with hypertension was prescribed a nonselective betaadrenergic blocking agent. Name this drug:

In the course of bronchitis pharmacotherapy a patient has developed dyspeptic disorders, photodermatitis and hepatic failure. What drug can cause such disorders?

A 25-year-old woman with signs of acute morphine intoxication was administered naloxone, which rapidly improved her condition. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?

Name the ability of a drug to accumulate within the patient’s body:

What pharmacological effect of acetylsalicylic acid allows its application in patients with ischemic heart disease for prevention of thromboses?

A patient developed herpetic rashes. What drug should be prescribed in this case?

A woman complaining of sleep disturbance, fearfulness, and anxiety came to a neurologist. What drug should be prescribed in this case?

A man developed cardiac arrest due to thoracic trauma. Name the drug that should be introduced into the cavity of the left ventricle in this case:

A patient with acute heart failure was administered corglycon. What effect of this drug results in improvement of the patient’s condition?

Explain to an intern, what is the mechanism of analgesic action of morphine hydrochloride:

What pharmacological effect of diazepam allows its application for termination of convulsions?

A patient suffers from hyperchromic B12-deficiency anemia. What vitamin preparation should be prescribed in this case?

A man is diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. What drug should be prescribed in this case?

Direct titration CANNOT be applied for quantitative determination of calcium chloride by means of permanganatometry, because:

Colored or white component of double perianth, which consists of petals, is a:

A 54-year-old man requested a pharmacist’s advice on drug prescription. The patient has 4-year-long history of chronic glomerulonephritis and 2-yearlong history of persistent hypertension. What substance synthesized in the kidneys has important role in development of arterial hypertension?

A patient complains of general weakness, muscle weakness in the extremities (if the patient is asked to make a fist several times in a row, for example, the patient is capable of doing it only once), facial muscles are weak, swallowing is disturbed. Administration of acetylcholinesterase drugs removes these disturbances to a certain degree. Determine the pathology:

A drug solution sterilized by means of boiling was tested for sterility. Inoculation on Kitt-Tarozzi medium revealed clostridia. Clostridia survived the boiling because they are:

A 71-year-old woman developed mechanical jaundice due to obstruction of the bile duct with a chololith. Decrease of blood pressure and bradycardia are detected. These changes in functioning of the patient’s cardiovascular system are caused by increased blood content of the following substance:

A sanitary-epidemic station employee has been poisoned when the premices were processed with an organophosphorous insecticide. What enzyme is inhibited by organophosphorous compounds?

Indican excretion is a diagnostic criterion of intencified protein putrefaction in the intestine. Name the end product of tryptophan ”decay” occurring in the large intestine:

The second stage of detoxification involves joining certain chemical compounds with functional groups of toxines. Select one such compound:

Actinomorphic apopetalous corolla include:

Selective medium can be used to separate various species of bacteria in a bacteriological laboratory. What medium of those listed below can be determined as selective?

A 5-year-old child presents with abdominal distension, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea occurring 1-4 hours after drinking milk. Described symptoms are caused by the lack of enzymes that break up:

If pH of a solution is lower than its isoelectric point, it means in this solution:

Avidin - an egg white protein inhibits reception of biotin (carboxylase coenzyme) by the body. What reaction will be blocked by avidin administration?

During mercurimetric titration of halogenide ions in the presence of diphenylcarbazone, at the titration end point the precipitate is produced. This precipitate will be colored:

When determining oxidizing agents by means of iodometry in the presence of starch the following phenomenon can be observed at the titration end point:

To obtain exotoxins of some microorganisms, these microorganisms are inoculated into liquid nutrient medium, where microbial cultivation occurs and toxins are produced. At a certain stage it is necessary to remove the microbial cells from the medium, that is, to separate the toxins from microbes. What method should be applied in this case?

A plant producing essential oil has square stem, bilabiate corolla, coenobium fruit. These features are characteristic of:

A plant under investigation has compound uniform monopodium inflorescence - compound umbel. What plant is it characteristic of?

During field practice a student was tasked with making a morphological collection of coenocarpous fruits. What type of fruit belongs to this group?

A patient with gingivitis was prescribed oral cavity irrigation with 0,02% potassium permanganate solution. What group of antiseptics does this drug belong to?

To relieve dry cough a patient with bronchitis was prescribed a drug that is an alkaloid of yellow horned-poppy. Name this drug:

Hydrochloric acid was added into the solution under investigation. The resulting precipitate was filtered, then this filter cake was processed with hot water; after the filtrate cooled, KI solution was added into it. What cation was present in the solution, if the precipitate was colored yellow?

When cations are divided into analytical groups according to the acidbase classification, group reagents can be acids or bases. What acids can be used as group reagents?

Main process of ammonia neutralization occurs in the liver. Arginine decomposition reaction that produces urea as a result is catalyzed with arginase. What group of enzymes does arginase belong to?

Connection between plant cell protoplasts and their metabolic function is provided by thin cytoplasmic threads that pass through pores in the cell walls. Name these threads:

On autopsy there are numerous suppurative foci within many of the internal organs. What pathological process is it characteristic of?

Isotonicity is required of infusion solutions. What phenomenon occurs when a hypertensive solution is introduced into blood plasma?

The third analitycal group of cations (acid-base classification) includes Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+. What acid can function as a precipitator agent (group reagent) for these cations?

During routine preventive examination the local pediatrician noticed a boy of short stature. Mental development of the child corresponds with his age. What endocrine disorder is it?

Eicosanoids synthesis begins with freeing polyene acids from membrane phospholipids by means of a specific phospholipase. Name this enzyme:

Thermal analysis is used in pharmacy to identify drugs and determine drug purity. What coordinates are necessary to build a cooling curve?

Both scientific and folk medicine uses medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza glabra L. What part of the plant is harvested?

Choose the formula of nonionic surfactant among those listed below:

A pregnant woman was diagnosed with vaginal dysbacteriosis. What drug should be prescribed in this case?

A patient has been receiving Theophylline (inhibitor of cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase) for a week. What hormone can increase its action due to such treatment and cause hyperglycemia?

Reaction of sodium ions with potassium hexahydroxoantimonate (V) in neutral medium produces precipitate.
Specify the color of this precipitate:

Reaction with potassium permanganate is used to detect reducing anions. Specify the anion that decolorizes potassium permanganate:

A 25-year-old-patient with the II degree thermal burns came to a doctor. Objectively: there are large blisters on the upper limbs; the blisters are filled with clear exudate containing mostly water and albumines with isolated leukocytes. Name the type of the exudate:

Rhizome of an Asteraceae family species is polycephalous, succulent, has lysigenous cavities, accumulates inulin. Such underground organ is characterisic of:

Osmotic pressure is an important characteristic of biological fluids. Semipermeable membranes are necessary for penetration of solvent molecules. What substance CANNOT be used as a semipermeable membrane?

Specify the substance that can be determined by means of polarimetry:

A local general practitioner recommends taking interferon for influenza prevention. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?

What cation can be detected with Chugaiev’s agent (Dimethylglyoxime)?

A solution of hydrogen peroxide in an acid medium was added into investigated solution, leading to blue coloring of the resulting solution. This analytical effect indicates the presence of the following anions:

A patient presents with hypoxia. What metabolic process activates when oxygen supply is insufficient?

A child had been administered antidiphtheric serum. What resistance was formed in the child?

A patient with brain edema presents with respiration that is characterized by periods of several respiratory movements of equal amplitude alternating with periods of apnea. What pathologic respiration is it characteristic of?

A patient in the state of ketoacidotic coma presents with loud rapid respiration: labored expiration with tension of expiratory muscles occurs after deep inspiration. Name the type of pathologic respiration:

In a nursery-garden some medicinal plants developed signs of a disease: there are yellow spots and necrotic foci on the leaves. Sap of the diseased plants remained infectious even after passing through a bacteria-excluding filter. No microorganisms growth was detected on the nutrient medium. What microorganisms could be the cause of this disease?

Bark of a thornless xylophyte of the Rhamnaceae family has laxative effect. Name this plant:

Different structures of a bacterial cell perform different functions. What dispensable component of a cell ensures its survival within hostile environment?

Total content of chloride, bromide, and iodide ions in the investigated solution can be quantitatively determined with the following titrant:

Name the isomer of diethyl ether functional group: CH3 − CH2 − O − CH2 − CH3:

Gravimetry (precipitation method) is used for quantitative determination of sulfates in potable water. What substance should be used as precipitator for sulfates?

In 9 days after administration of a therapeutic serum the patient developed urticaria, itching, edemas, and lymph nodes enlargement. What type of allergic reaction has occurred in the patient?

Exudation is characteristic of inflammation. What factors cause exudation and local edema of the inflamed area?

For cardiovascular disease prevention the patient was recommended to take vitamin F. What is the chemical nature of this vitamin?

Wetting occurs when a drop of a liquid comes into contact with the surface of a solid substance. The degree of wetting is measured through: