Крок 1 · Фармація, промислова фармація 2018 · Англійська

What titrimetric method of analysis requires the use of both external and internal indicators?

By means of photoelectrocolorimetric analysis the concentration of the following can be determined:

A patient suffers from Down’s disease that manifests as mental retardation, shortness of stature, pathologically short fingers and toes, and eyes with mongoloid slant. Karyotype analysis revealed trisomy 21. What group of diseases does this pathology belong to?

Knowing the temperature of phase transformation under a certain pressure is extremely important in the process of drugs manufacturing. This temperature can be calculated using the:

At the triple point on the water phase diagram, water is:

Bioavailability of a powder depends on the degree of comminution of the substance. The following value must be measured:

A patient with gout was prescribed allopurinol - a competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. Xanthine oxidase is a terminal enzyme of catabolism of:

Many drugs must be manufactured under strictly aseptic conditions. One such possible source of microbiological contamination of drugs is laboratory glassware. What method should be used to sterilize the glassware?

To determine qualitative content of a drug, the drug sample was processed with 2M solution of HCl. White precipitate soluble in aqueous ammonia solution was formed. This analytical effect indicates the presence of the following cations:

Name the process of spontaneous adhesion of drops in an emulsion to each other:

Inheritable genetic disorders can result in disturbed enzyme synthesis in the human body. What enzyme deficiency results in disturbed break-up of lactose:

To treat the patients with purulent wounds, a dressing with a certain immobilized enzyme is used. Name this enzyme:

Cerebrospinal fluid of a patient diagnosed with meningitis was taken for analysis. To detect the causative agent the sample was inoculated in a nutrient medium. Prior to that a serum had been added to the medium. What causative agent is expected to be obtained in this case?

Hormones regulate numerous metabolic processes. What hormone activates glycogen synthesis?

A structural analog of vitamin PP (nicotinic acid) is used as an antituberculous medicine. Name this medicine:

A food plant of Polygonaceae family is being studied. The plant has reddish stalk, cordate-sagittate leaves, its fruit is a trihedral nutlet. Name this plant:

Microscopy of subterranean organs of an Аsteraceae family plant shows articulated laticifers with anastomoses filled with white latex. It is characterisic of the following plant:

The defensive mechanisms against some infectious diseases can be greatly reinforced with interferon. Interferon preparations will be the most advisable in cases of the following type of infections:

A chemotherapeutic agent has bactericidal effect against streptococci, staphylococci, bacilli, and clostridia. According to its action spectrum this drug belongs to the following group:

It is known that in plants the synthesis of secondary reserve starch occurs in:

A patient has developed anuria. Blood pressure is 50/20 mm Hg. What process of uropoiesis was disturbed resulting in acute decrease of urine output?

A 12-year-old boy is of short stature, but his mental development corresponds with that of his age group. What hormone deficiency is the most likely to cause this pathology?

A 10-year-old child has height of 178 cm and body mass of 67 kg. These presentations are caused by the functional disturbance of the:

A certain infection leads to fetus malformation if a pregnant woman is affected. What vaccine should be used for prevention of this infection?

Quantitative content of hydrogen peroxide can be determined by means of the following self-indicator method:

Coumarins, vitamin K antagonists, suppress the processes of blood coagulation. What protein synthesis is blocked by coumarins?

HIV-infection occupational risk groups include people of various professions, healthcare workers included. Specify the mosl likely route of infection transmission for healthcare workers:

Microbial survival within environment is facilitated by spore formation. What microorganisms of those listed below are spore formers:

Synthesis of a medicinal substance occurs in an isolated system. What is a direction criterion of spontaneous processes?

An enzyme transports structure fragments from one substrate into another.
Name this class of enzymes:

A patient with high risk of hemorrhages is recommended to take vicasol (menadione) by his physician. This drug is the structural analog of:

Enzymes are widely used as drugs in pharmacy. What is the main feature that separates enzymes from non-biological catalysts?

Any damage to the patient’s vessels results in persistent hemorrhage. Blood clotting factor VIII is deficient in the patient’s blood. What disease does this patient suffer from?

Name the structural unit of a colloidal solution of a medicinal substance:

Protein structure includes proteinogenic amino acids. What is the position of the amino group in the structure of these amino acids?

To induce diabetes mellitus in a rabbit, β-cells of pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) were selectively damaged with alloxan. What method of diabetes induction was used in this experiment?

A sample section of an axial body shows a complex consisting of phellogen and its derivatives - cork and phelloderm. Name this tissue:

The Mohr method is used to determine mass concentration of sodium chloride in an isotonic solution. Titration is carried out with the following indicator:

A patient presents with persistent tachycardia, exophthalmos, high excitability, increased basal metabolic rate. What disorder can lead to the development of this syndrome?

Racemose clusters of calcium carbonate crystals are detected among the waste products of a protoplast. These crystals are:

After the pus sample taken from the urethra had been inoculated on ascitic agar, it resulted in growth of round transparent colonies. Microscopy of the colonies shows gram-negative kidney bean-shaped diplococci. What causative agent is it?

Laboratories of various specialization use the following method to determine general water hardness of potable water:

Name the reaction producing a goldenyellow precipitate (”golden rain” reaction):

Name the reactions and reagents that under certain conditions allow determination of certain ions in the presence of other ions:

In Friedel-Crafts alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons the following substance is used as the catalyst:

How does increasing temperature affects physical adsorption of substances?

Gelatin expands the most in the following solvent:

Azo dyes are produced as the result of:

What drug is produced as the result of reaction between salicylic acid and acetic anhydride?

Glucose oxidation with a potent oxidizing agent (concentrated HNO3) results in production of:

A patient, who lives in the area with specific geochemical conditions, was diagnosed with endemic goiter. What microelement deficiency results in development of this pathology?

An oncological patient was prescribed fluorouracil that is a competitive inhibitor of thymidine synthase. It inhibits the process of:

During assessment of air purity in an aseptic unit of a phamacy, sedimentation analysis had been applied. Test resulted in growth of the small colonies with areas of hemolysis. What medium was used for inoculation?

According to van’t Hoff rule, when the temperature is raised by 10 degrees, the reaction rate increases by:

What standard solution can be used to standardize the solution of I2?

Catalysts are widely used in production of drugs. How can reaction acceleration in the presence of a catalyst be explained?

On examination the patient’s sclera and oral mucosa are icteric. What biochemical blood value can be expected to be increased?

Microorganisms in the environment are being affected by various physical factors. What is the effect of high temperature on a microbial cell?

Extreme therapeutic effect of activated carbon is due to its high specific surface area. Name the phenomenon when gases are absorbed only by the surface of a solid body:

Pastes are used in medicine to treat skin diseases. What type of disperse systems are they?

In photometric analysis the series of 6-8 standard solutions is used:

Ammonium iron(III) sulfate can be used as an indicator in:

Quantitative determination of iodine is done by means of:

Separation of substances in chromatography is based on the ability of solutes:

Quantitative content of oxalic acid can be determined by means of permanganatometry. How to determine equivalence point for this kind of titration?

Surfactants and high-molecular compounds are added into concentrated emulsions to stabilize them. These substances are:

A 25-year-old man has an appointment with the dentist. Several minutes after his oral cavity was lavaged with furacilin (nitrofurazone) the patient developed significant labial edema. What type of allergic reaction is observed in this case?

A patient with gastric carcinoma has undergone several courses of radiation therapy. What system is the first to become functionally disturbed after the body was exposed to ionizing radiation?

A patient with acute myocardial infarction received anticoagulation therapy. What compound will have anticoagulation effect?

Specify what method of redox titration requires the use of specific indicator - starch - to fix the end point:

Causative agents of infectious diseases can be carried both by humans and animals. Name the group of infections that affect animals and can be passed onto humans:

During regular check-up a patient presents with enlarged thyroid gland, exophthalmos, increased body temperature, heart rate up to 110/min. What hormone should be measured in the patient’s blood in this case?

A fruit tree of Rosaceae family has short thorny shoots; the fruit is a distinctivelyshaped pome with stone cells in its pulp. Name this plant:

Pharmacopoeia reaction to determine benzoate ions requires interaction with the solution of:

What solution can be used to detrmine the presence of chloride ions in the potable water?

Insulin production in β-cells involves many substances. What substance gives the main signal for insulin synthesis when its concentration changes?

Specify the substance that results from the following reaction: ?

An ophthalmologist has detected increased time of dark adaptation in a patient. What vitamin deficiency can result in such symptom?

Morphologically the herbaceous plant being studied can be identified as Convallaria majalis. To confirm this conclusion additionally, a leaf of this plant was examined under the microscope and a search for the following crystalline inclusions was conducted:

What type of conducting bundle is characteristic of primary anatomical structure of a root?

Calendula officinalis as a representative of Asteraceae family can be characterized by the following type of inflorescence:

In the age of 5 months the child had measles antibodies in the blood. By the age of 1 year these antibodies disappeared from the child’s blood. Why were these antibodies present in the child’s blood?

A Gram stained smear shows large oval violet cells that form pseudomycelium. Name these microorganisms:

Herbarium specimens of medicinal plants are being studied. Which one of them belongs to Rosaceae family?

When working in the garden, a man accidentally cut his hand. The wound remained untreated. Shortly after that the wounded area developed inflammation with accumulation of exudate that contained numerous viable and degenerate neutrophils. What type of exudate is it?

A patient presents with persistent fever, with the difference between evening and morning temperature not exceeding 1oC. What type of fever curve is present in this patient?

Natural peptides can carry out various functions. What bioactive peptide is a major antioxidant and functions as a coenzyme?

Gout develops when purine nucleotide metabolism is disturbed. The doctor prescribed the patient allopurinol that is a competitive inhibitor of:

Name the serums made from blood donated by volunteers or reconvalescent donors:

During skill building session in the field of microbiology, a student performed inoculation of microorganisms into the solid nutrient medium to obtain isolated colonies. How should inoculation loops be sterilized after that?

A dry-heat box is used for sterilization of various materials and instruments in a bacteriological laboratory. This sterilization method can be applied to the following objects:

A specialist of the analytical laboratory performs direct iodometric determination of ascorbic acid. What indicator is used in this case?

A certain herbaceous plant grows on the meadows of the Carpathian Mountains. It has orange anthodium inflorescences, upright stem, and a rosette of basal leaves. Name this plant:

What indicator is used for fixing the endpoint of mercurimetric titration?

Ultraviolet irradiation is used in medicine in various physiotherapeutic procedures. What mechanism of medicinal action is characteristic of ultraviolet rays?

Human body assimilates fats only as emulsions. Vegetable oils and animal fats contained in food are emulsified when exposed to bile (an emulsifier). How does interface tension change in this case?

A patient has a gallstone lodged in the common bile duct, which blocks bile supply to the intestine. What digestive process will be disturbed in this case?

You are studying a silvery downy plant of Asteraceae family, which is rich in essential oils and bitters. Harvested are the apical sprouts with a panicle of small round flower heads. This plant is:

A 46-year-old patient presents with hyperactivity of creatine kinase in his blood serum. What pathology can be suspected?

Among dosage forms there are numerous disperse systems. Select a free disperse system from the list:

How according to the Pharmacopoeia is pH determined?

A patient is pale, has goose bumps and chills. What stage of fever is it characteristic of?

Ascarids were detected in a sick child. What changes in leukogram will be the most characteristic of helminthiasis?

A man received a radiation dose of 30 Gy. He presents with necrotic angina and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Blood tests revealed anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. What stage of acute radiation sickness is observed in the patient?

Neuroleptanalgesia has been applied in a case of cardiac infarction. What neuroleptic is most often administered along with fentanyl?

Select the halogenated antiseptic that would be preferable for a child to pack in the first aid kit, when going to a summer camp:

A patient, who was prescribed famotidine to treat peptic ulcer disease, came to the pharmacy. What is this drug’s mechanism of action?

What is represented by such a pharmacokinetic value of a drug as its biological half-life (T1/2)?

A doctor needs to prescribe the patient a drug for replacement therapy after thyreoidectomy. What drug would you recommend?

What is the main mechanism of benzylpenicillin bactericidal action on the coccal flora?

What mucolytic agent would you recommend for the patient with acute bronchitis to facilitate expectoration?

A patient with allergic dermatitis came to the hospital. What anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic drug must be prescribed in this case?

A patient with bronchial asthma was prescribed a drug with the mechanism of action that is primarily based on the stimulation of β2 adrenergic receptors. Name this drug:

Name the ability of a drug to accumulate within the patient’s body:

What pharmacological effect of acetylsalicylic acid allows its application in patients with ischemic heart disease for prevention of thromboses?

A 48-year-old patient has been intravenously administered prednisolone solution to arrest severe attack of bronchial asthma. What group of hormonal agents does prednisolone belong to?

A doctor has prescribed a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug to relieve inflammation and pain syndrome. Name this drug:

A patient suffers from hyperchromic B12-deficiency anemia. What vitamin preparation should be prescribed in this case?

To stimulate birth activity, a certain neurohypophyseal hormone is used. Name this hormone:

Sanitary microbiological investigation of potable water has detected coliphages.
What conclusion can be made about the sanitary-hygienic status of this water?

After a traffic accident the driver presents with increased blood glucose. What mechanism leads to hyperglycemia in this case?

Quantitative determination of iodides by Fajans method is performed with adsorption indicators. The following can be used as an adsorption indicator:

Pharmacopoeia reaction of potassium ferrocyanide with zinc cations produces:

Rapid analysis of benzoate ions by means of Pharmacopoeia reaction with iron(III) chloride produces:

The following is used to determine the titrant volume in the process of titrimetric analysis:

A dissected flower has numerous stamens that are united by the stamen filaments into several bundles. What is this type of androecium?

Upon examination of a flower it is determined to have one pistil made up of single free carpel. Therefore, this gynoecium can be identified as:

Examination of a 45-year-old man, who for a long time kept to a vegetarian plantbased diet, revealed him to have negative nitrogen balance. What peculiarity of his diet has caused such developments?

After severe emotional strain a 53year-old man suddenly developed acute pain in the heart area, which irradiates to the left hand, to the neck, and under the left scapula. He noted numbness of his left hand. His face is pale and covered in cold sweat. Nitroglycerine administration stopped the pain attack after 10 minutes had passed. What is the most likely disease in this case?

According to the Pharmacopoeia, molecular weight of a high-molecular substance should be determined by means of:

In the process of coagulation by mixtures of different electrolytes, they seem to counteract each other’s effect. Name this phenomenon:

One of the important diagnostic features of garden sage and motherwort is their shape of corolla. Their flowers have the following type of corolla:

Investigation of bacterial contamination of indoor air in a pharmacy takes into account the total number of microorganisms present in a certain air volume, as well as qualitative content of indoor air microflora. Name the sanitary-indicative microorganisms for indoor air:

During ultrasound investigation a patient was diagnosed with bilateralrenal artery stenosis of atherosclerotic genesis. Specify the bioactive substance that due to its excessive secretion is the key component of arterial hypertension pathogenesis in the given case:

Preliminary disinfection of air and working surfaces of the equipment was conducted in the operating room of the surgical inpatient unit. What method of sterilization would be the most advisable in this case?

A patient was prescribed losartan for treatment of arterial hypertension. What mechanism of action does this drug have?

Select the hepatoprotective drugs from the list below:

Hydrochloric acid was added into the solution under investigation. The resulting precipitate was filtered, then this filter cake was processed with hot water; after the filtrate cooled, KI solution was added into it. What cation was present in the solution, if the precipitate was colored yellow?

At the end of his shift a worker of the steel foundry felt dizziness, his body temperature increased to 38.5oC. What condition does he present with?

The third analitycal group of cations (acid-base classification) includes Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+. What acid can function as a precipitator agent (group reagent) for these cations?

Students should identify the following to determine the sex of a flower:

In spring a perennial plant of Asteraceae family produces floral shoots with gloden-yellow flowers. After blossomfall, shoots with large leaves appear. Name this plant:

Ultramicroscopy is used to determine the radius of dispersed phase particles. The following should be measured to make the necessary calculations:

Permanganatometry is used in determination of many organic and inorganic compounds. What are the main advantages of permanganatometry over the other oxidimetric methods?

Many organic compounds break up in the cell into simple products. What compounds break up into ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water in the human body?

A fruit is a capsule with oblate light brown smooth glossy seeds that mucify when moistened. This fruit belongs to:

What substance forms colloid solution when dissolved in water?

Paracetamol has antipyretic and analgesic effect. In the human body it is neutralized in the following organ:

Rhizome of an Asteraceae family species is polycephalous, succulent, has lysigenous cavities, accumulates inulin. Such underground organ is characterisic of:

Silver nitrate solution was added into a solution with anions of the first analytical group. A yellow precipitate was produced as the result, which indicates that this solution contained:

Some medicinal plants are poisonous. Select a poisonous plant from the list below:

What cation can be detected with Chugaiev’s agent (Dimethylglyoxime)?

A patient in the state of ketoacidotic coma presents with loud rapid respiration: labored expiration with tension of expiratory muscles occurs after deep inspiration.
Name this type of pathologic respiration:

In a nursery-garden some medicinal plants developed signs of a disease: there are yellow spots and necrotic foci on the leaves. Sap of the diseased plants remained infectious even after passing through a bacteria-excluding filter. No microorganisms growth was detected on the nutrient medium. What microorganisms could be the cause of this disease?

A laboratory received ethanol and methanol. What reaction can be used to distinguish between these two substances?

Specify the products of urea hydrolysis:

Specify the products obtained as the result of formic acid being heated with concentrated sulfuric acid:

Transformation C2H4 (alkene) −→ C2H6 (alkane) occurs during the following reaction:

Hydrolysis reaction will NOT occur with: