Крок 1 · Фармація, промислова фармація 2020 · Англійська

What titrimetric method of analysis requires the use of both external and internal indicators?

A solution contains calcium, barium, aluminium, potassium, and sodium cations. Into this solution a small amount of ammonium hydroxide and alizarin solution was added, which resulted in production of red precipitate. What ion was detected as the result of this reaction?

Select an indicator for argentometric determination of chloride ions using the Mohr method:

Quantitative determination of copper salts by means of photometric titration should be conducted according to the calibration graph that is built within the following coordinates:

2M solution of HCl was added into the solution being studied, which resulted in formation of white precipitate that turned black when processed with ammonia solution. What cation is present in this solution?

What should be measured during quantitative determination of glucose by means of polarimetry?

Concentration of ethyl alcohol in tinctures and some other dosage forms can be determined by means of refractometry. For this purpose the following should be measured:

Ammonium thiocyanate solution was added into the solution being studied. The resulting solution colored red. This analytical effect indicates the presence of the following cation:

What reference electrode should be used for potentiometric determination in a solution that contains ammonia and sodium hydroxide?

When barium chloride solution was added into the solution being studied, it resulted in a white precipitate that was acidand alkali-insoluble, which indicates that this solution contains:

What laboratory glassware is used in titrimetric methods of analysis to measure out a precise volume of a titrant?

Quantitative content of oxalic acid can be determined by means of permanganatometry. How to determine the equivalence point for this kind of titration?

Specify what method of redox titration requires the use of specific indicator - starch - to fix the end point:

To separate cations of the 6th analytical group from cations of the 5th analytical group (acid-base classification), the following is used:

To determine mass-volume fraction of ammonia in a solution, the following solution should be used:

Pharmacopoeia reaction to determine benzoate ions requires interaction with the solution of:

What reference electrode can be used in potentiometric analysis of a medicinal substance?

Why is there no group reagent for the cations of the 1st analytical group (acid-base cassification)?

What working solutions (titrants) are used in Volhard method (precipitation titration)?

The third analitycal group of cations (acid-base classification) includes Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+. What acid can function as a precipitator agent (group reagent) for these cations?

Reaction of sodium ions with potassium hexahydroxoantimonate(V) in neutral medium produces precipitate. Specify the color of this precipitate:

Salts and esters of oxalic acid are called:

What test is used for identification of uric acid and other compounds with purine nucleus?

Select the compound with both pyrrole and pyridine nitrogen atoms from those given below:

What reagent allows distinguishing between maltose (a reducing disaccharide) and sucrose (a non-reducing disaccharide)?

Specify the name of the alkene given below according to the IUPAC substitutive nomenclature:

Cellulose hydrolysis produces the following disaccharide:

Transformation C2H4 (alkene) −→ C2H6 (alkane) occurs during the following reaction:

What type of bonds participates in creation of both linear and cyclic carboxylic acid associates in the form of dimers?

The end-productof heating bromoethane with aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide is:?

Name the product of starch hydrolysis:

Which of the listed monosaccharides is a ketose?

Dibazol (Bendazol) is a hypotensive antispasmodic drug. Its mechanism of action is based on its ability to block phosphodiesterase type 4 enzyme activity. This drug contains the following heterocyclic compound:

What compound is synthesized by means of beta-picoline oxidation?

What value determines the degree of influence that foreign ions have on the potential of an ion-selective electrode?

Name the process of spontaneous adhesion of drops in an emulsion to each other:

Enzymes are widely used as drugs in pharmacy. What is the main difference that separates enzymes from non-biological catalysts?

Name the structural unit of a colloidal solution of a medicinal substance:

Surfactants and high-molecular compounds are added into concentrated emulsions to stabilize them. These substances are:

Specify the order of acetone breakdown reaction:
CH3COCH3 = C2H4 + H2 + CO

What two methods of obtaining a disperse system can be characterized as physical condensation?

If in the process of molecular adsorption the solute is being adsorbed more than the solvent, then the following occurs:

What device is used to measure surface tension of a liquid?

Sedimentation is characteristic of the following systems:

Under certain conditions, solutions of high-molecular substances can lose their flowability, meaning that the bonds begin to form between macromolecules, leading to the formation of a spatial grid. Name this process:

Collagen, gelatin, keratin, and myosin are the proteins that are formed with peptide bonds and resemble long threads in shape. Name this type of proteins:

Name the ability of high-molecular compounds to prevent precipitation of lyophobic sols and deposition of cholesterol plaques on the vessel walls:

Saline solution with 0.9% of NaCl in relation to blood serum can be characterized as:

Helmholtz energy is a direction criterion of a spontaneous process at a constant:

Name the process of removing one or several substances from a complex system by means of a selective solvent:

In medical and pharmaceutical practice the phenomena of adsorption, wetting, and adhesion are regularly observed. Name this group of phenomena:

I.I.Mechnikov, when studying inflammatory process, described a certain order that is characteristic of leukocyte migration to the inflammation focus. The cells emigrate to the focus in the following order:

A patient has developed anuria. Blood pressure is 50/20 mm Hg. What process of uropoiesis caused acute decrease of urination?

During lancing an abscess in the oral cavity, it produces a yellow-green discharge. What cells are always present and predominant in the purulent exudate?

People, who were in the building during a fire, suffer from carbon monoxide poisoning. What type of hypoxia can be observed in this case?

A 42-year-old patient presents with skin pallor, weakness, and enlarged lymph nodes. In peripheral blood: leukocytosis, no intermediate forms of leukocytes
(”leukemic hiatus”), accelerated ESR. What disease can be suspected in this case?

To reproduce Ehrlich carcinoma in a rabbit, a certain amount of benzpyrene (a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) was daily applied to a dehaired patch of skin of the animal. What method is used for tumor modelling in this case?

After a surgery the patient presented with a severe pain syndrome. What change in the patient’s hormonal status is most likely in this case?

A 9-year-old child due to acute bronchitis developed elevated body temperature up to 38.5oC that lasted for a week and was then followed by a drop in the temperature down to 37.0oC. What mechanism is leading at the 3rd stage of fever?

One hour after a child took polyvitamins in the dosage form of a syrup, the child developed a markedly itching urticaria-type rash all over the body. What type of allergic response can be characterized by this sign?

A patient develops prolonged hemorrhages and hemorrhages into the muscles and joints as a result of any microtraumas. In the blood there is a deficiency of the VIII plasma factor of blood coagulation. What disease of blood system is observed in this patient?

A man received a radiation dose of 30 Gy. He presents with necrotic angina, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Blood tests revealed anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. What stage of acute radiation sickness is observed in the patient?

A 54-year-old man requested a pharmacist’s advice on drug prescription. The patient has 4-year-long history of chronic glomerulonephritis and 2-year-long history of persistent hypertension. What substance synthesized in the kidneys has important role in development of arterial hypertension?

Examination of a 45-year-old man, who for a long time kept to a vegetarian plantbased diet, revealed him to have negative nitrogen balance. What peculiarity of his diet has caused such developments?

A 23-year-old man came to the infectious diseases department with complaints of abdominal distension and diarrhea. He was diagnosed with lambliasis. What type of leukocytosis is characteristic of this disease?

What is the mechanism of indirect action of ionizing radiation on cells?

A couple came to the genetic consultation for their newborn child to be examined. Karyotype test detects an additional chromosome in the 21 pair. What diagnosis can be made?

After a physical exertion a person develops extra (premature) cardiac contractions. What type of arrhythmia is it?

A 55-year-old man came to a doctor with complaints of acute pain in his big toes. Meat and wine are always present in his diet. The doctor suspects gout. What substance must be measured in the patient’s blood to confirm this diagnosis?

suffers from diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia. What vitamin is likely to be deficient in this patient, causing the patient’s condition?

An unconscious patient was brought into the intensive care unit. Acetone breath, acute hyperglycemia, and ketonemia are detected. What complication of diabetes mellitus occurred in this case?

Serum total protein is one of metabolic indicators. What reaction is usually used in clinical laboratories to measure this value?

Thyroid gland produces a hormone that regulates Ca2+ levels in blood, which facilitates mineralization of bone tissue. What hormone has such an effect?

A patient is diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. For diagnostic purpose it is necessary to measure the activity of the following enzyme in the patient’s blood:

What enzyme allows for synthesis of various genes from template-RNA to DNA in genetic engineering (this enzyme catalyzes the process discovered in RNAviruses)?

Primary structure of nucleic acids is a polynucleotide chain that has a certain composition and order of the nucleotides. What bonds stabilize this structure?

Gout develops when purine nucleotide metabolism is disturbed. A doctor prescribed the patient allopurinol that is a competitive inhibitor of:

Cocarboxylase is used in medicine as a pharmaceutical preparation for treatment of myocardial dystrophy and conditions that affect muscles and peripheral CNS. What vitamin is a component of this preparation?

A patient complains of polyuria. Urine test detects no pathologic components, but urine specific gravity is abnormally low. What hormone secretion is likely to be disturbed in this patient?

A patient with hyperproduction of thyroid hormones has been prescribed Merkazolilum. This drug inhibits the following enzyme participating in iodothyronine synthesis:

Ascorutin vitamin preparation is used for treatment of bleeding gums and punctate hemorrhages. What vitamin does this preparation contain?
Бiологiчнахiмiя

A man developed high plasma iron levels due to intensified hemolysis of erythrocytes. What plasma protein transports iron?

In case of hypovitaminosis of a certain vitamin, disturbed proliferation of epithelial and connective tissue can be observed. Patients with this type of hypovitaminosis usually present with impaired vision and spatial orientation. Name this vitamin:

Antihistamines are used in treatment of allergic responses, because histamine functions as an allergic response mediator. Name the amino acid from which histamine is produced:

Cholesterol synthesis inhibitors are used as antiatherosclerotic drugs. Select one such drug from the list:

Aspartame is used as a sweetener and in treatment of diabetes mellitus. What amino acid does it contain?

Hemoglobin break-up begins in the cells of reticuloendothelial system. What enzyme catalyzes the reduction reaction of biliverdine into bilirubin?

grow in moderately humid conditions belong to the following ecological group:

Among the trees of Fabaceae family there is an early-flowering melliferous plant with pinnately compound leaves, spine-shaped stipules, and white fragrant flowers arranged in hanging racemes. Name this plant:

Select a Brassicaceae family plant that contains glycosides similar in action to those obtained from foxglove:

Among harvested plants there was Capsella bursa-pastoris, which can be characterized as follows:

Berberis vulgaris has spines that are modifications of:

In monocotyledonous plants metabolism end-products are often represented by multiple needle crystals of calcium oxalate arranged in clusters. Name these structures:

Name the male gametophyte of flowering plants:

A gastric tea contains small oval brown lignified cone-shaped plant parts up to 1.5 cm in length that can be identified as:

A diagnostic feature important for correct identification of pine species is the number of needles on the short shoots (brachyblasts). Pinus sylvestris has the following number of needles on its short shoots:

In pharmaceutical manufacturing, rutin and quercetin are obtained from the flowers of a certain Fabaceae family plant. Name this plant:

A cough tea contains comminuted roots of a plant. The roots are colored bright yellow and taste sweet. They were identified as roots of the following plant:

Nuciform fruits include a certain type of one-seeded fruit that does not burst when ripe. Its base is enclosed in a cup-shaped cupule formed by the broad part of the peduncle to which the flower was attached. Name this type of fruit:

Plantago major inflorescence grows at the apex, its rachis is long, with sessile flowers. Name this type of inflorescence:

Upon examination of a flower it is determined to have one pistil made up of single free carpel. Therefore, this gynoecium can be identified as:

One of the important diagnostic features of garden sage and motherwort is their shape of corolla. Their flowers have the following type of corolla:

Rhizome of an Asteraceae family species is polycephalous, succulent, has lysigenous cavities, accumulates inulin. Such underground organ is characterisic of:

To obtain bacterial exotoxins, microorganisms are cultivated in a liquid nutrient medum, into which the toxins are being discharged. What method allows clearing the medium of microorganisms, so that only pure exotoxins will remain in the medium?

In the course of bacteriological examination of the feces of a patient with diarrhea, a pure culture of slightly curved bacilli was obtained. In the microslide these microorganisms were arranged in clusters resembling schools of fish. Cultivation in the alkaline medium (alkaline peptone water) in six hours resulted in formation of a bluetinged film. These features are characteristic of the following causative agent:

One day after eating meatballs in the school canteen, several students came to the nurse’s office complaining of stomachache, vomiting, high body temperature, and diarrhea. One of the students was hospitalized in a severe condition. What microorganisms can be the cause of this food toxicoinfection?

For tetanus prevention a certain toxin is used. For 4 weeks this toxin is being neutralized with formaldehyde (0.4%) under the temperature of 39oC. Name the resulting preparation:

After examination the patient was diagnosed with tick-borne encephalitis. What route of transmission is characteristic of this disease?

A chemotherapeutic agent has bactericidal effect against streptococci, staphylococci, bacilli, and clostridia. According to its action spectrum this drug belongs to the following group:

It is known, that HIV infection leads to severe immunologic disturbances in the body that result in the development of AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). What cells of the human body are the most susceptible to HIV infection?

Microbe survival within environment is facilitated by spore formation. What genus of microorganisms can be characterized as spore formers:

To induce an artificially acquired active immunity, a three-month-oldchild was given orally a Sabin strain-based live cultural vaccine. This vaccine is used for prevention of:

After examination the child was diagnosed with scarlet fever. What microorganism is a causative agent of this disease?

A ready-made drug was inoculated on Sabouraud’s agar and incubated under 22oC for 5 days. This nutrient medium was used to determine the following:

Seitz filters are widely used in laboratory practice. What is their purpose?

Thermolabile medicinal preparation for extemporal use was heated to 65oC thrice with intervals of one day between the heatings. What method of sterilization was used in this case?

Many serological reactions require strictly aseptic conditions. What method of sterilization is optimal for decontamination of laboratory glassware?

During microscopy of a smear made from the sputum sample and stained according to the Ziehl-Neelsen technique, the medical laboratory scientist detected bright red acid-fast bacilli arranged separately and in groups. What microorganisms were detected?

Sanitary-microbiological assessment of water quality in the water supply system conducted by the sanitary-epidemiological station detected microorganisms indicative of fecal contamination of water. What microorganisms were detected?

Air contamination with pathological microorganisms can be anticipated by the presence of indicator bacteria. Specify the bacteria that indicate immediate epidemiologic danger:

It can be safely assumed that the infants born from the mothers with the history of measles will not be affected by the measles outbreak during their stay in the maternity ward. What classes of antibodies provide the infants with the resistance to this disease?

During a surgery, tubocurarin chloride was used as a muscle relaxant. What antagonist should the patient be given to restore spontaneous breathing?

A patient, who has been taking phenazepam for a month, came to the pharmacy. He insists that he needs to buy two more packages of this drug, because without it he feels unwell. The side-effect of this drug that can be observed in this patient is based on the development of:

Select the halogenated antiseptic that would be preferable for a child to pack in the first aid kit, when going to a summer camp:

A medical student needs to choose an adrenergic drug for treatment of anaphylactic shock. What would you recommend?

What is the main mechanism of benzylpenicillin bactericidal action on the coccal flora?

What drug can quickly stop an angina pectoris attack, when taken sublingually?

Name the ability of a drug to accumulate within the patient’s body:

You work in the pharmacy located at the premises of the dermatovenerologic clinic. Consult an intern what antibiotic is a drug of choice for treatment of syphilis:

A doctor has prescribed a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug to relieve inflammation and pain syndrome. Name this drug:

What is the most common side-effect of inhaled corticosteroids?

Treatment with sodium bromide resulted in development of bromism in the patient: rhinitis, cough, conjunctivitis, and skin rashes. What should the patient be prescribed to treat this condition?

A patient with allergic rhinitis was prescribed loratadine. This drug belongs to the following group of antiallergic agents:

A patient suffers from intense cough with production of viscous sputum. What drug can thin the sputum and facilitate expectoration?

A patient with myocardial infarction was receiving heparin as a part of the complex therapy. With time the patient developed hematuria. What drug should be given as an antidote in this case?

A patient with tracheitis was prescribed a centrally acting antitussive drug that does not depress respiration, causes no addiction, and lowers blood pressure. Name this drug:

What drug is used for treatment of organophosphate poisoning?

Select the drug with anti-herpesvirus activity that can be used for prevention and treatment of herpetic lesions on skin and mucosa:

Forced diuresis needs to be induced in a patient with acute medication poisoning. What drug must be used for this purpose?

Caffeine is one of the alkaloids contained in tea and coffee. Caffeine is contraindicated in case of:

To quickly relieve the state of acute psychosis, the patient was prescribed a rapid/short-acting psychotropic drug. Name this drug:

After ishemic stroke the patient was prescribed a drug to improve his intellectual functioning and memory. What drug should he obtain from the pharmacy?