Крок 1 · Стоматологія 2006 · Англійська

A patient has assymetric face, it is especially noticeable during active muscle contraction. What nerve may be damaged?

A sportsman was recommended to take a preparation with carnitine in order to improve his achievements. What process is activated by carnitine to the most extent?

A 56 year old man was taken to the hospital with complaints of general weakness, pain and burning in the region of tongue, extremity numbness. In the past he had resection of cardiac part of ventricl

In a specimen that was coloured by method of silver impregnation some piriform cells with 2-3 evident dendrites were found. What structure is being analysed?

A 28 year old pregnant woman had the enzymes in the cells of amniotic fluid analyzed. The analysis revealed insufficient activity of -glucuronidase. What pathological process is it?

Examination of a child who hasnt got fresh fruit and vegetables during winter revealed numerous subcutaneous hemorrhages, gingivitis, carious cavities in teeth. What vitamin combination should be prescribed in this case?

A patient had a trauma that led to the injury of front spinal roots. Denote the damaged structures:

8 Chronic rhinitis was complicated by inflammation of frontal sinus. What nasal meatus did the infection get into this sinus through?

A 7 year old girl was taken to an infectious diseases hospital. She had complaints of high temperature, sore throat, general weakness. A doctor assumed dyphteri A. What will be crucial proof of diagnosis after defining pure culture of pathogenic organism?

A 7 year old child had an acute onset of diseas Pediatrician stated that mucous membrane of fauces is hyperemic and covered with a lot of mucus. Mucous membrane of cheeks has whitish stains. Next day the childs skin of face, neck, body was covered with coarsely-papular rash. What disease may be presumed?

A patient has an exudative pleurisy. At what level should the pleural puncture along the posterior axillary line be taken?

A 17 year old student pressed out a pustule in the medial angle of eye. In 2 days she was taken to the institute of neurosurgery with thrombosis of cavernous sinus. Through what vein did the infection get into this sinus?

A patient complains of aching gums and maxillary teeth. What nerve is inflamed?

During phonocardiogram registration it was ascertained that the duration of the first heart sound twice exceeds the norm. It is most likely that patient has the following organ affected:

A patient has the inflammation of middle ear (otitis). At the same time he claims to have the disorder of gustatory sensation in the front part of tongu. What nerve is damaged?

A patient with insulin-dependent diabetes had an insulin injection. Some time later he felt weakness, irritability, excessive sweating. What is the main reason of these disorders?

During the postsynthetic period of mitotic cycle the synthesis of tubulin proteins was disturbed. These proteins take part in construction of division spindle. It can lead to the disturbance of:

A wide cleft between incisors of both mother and father is the dominant feature. They are both homozygous. What genetic regularity will their children have?

After a surgical procedure a patient was developed an enteroparesis. What anticholinesterase medication should be prescribed in this case?

Microscopic analysis of tissue sampling from patients skin reveals granulomas that consist of epithelioid cells surrounded mostly by T-lymphocytes. Among epithelioid cells there are solitary giant multinuclear cells of Pirogov-Langhans typ. In the centre of some granulomas there are areas of caseous necrosis. Blood vessels are absent. What disease are the described granulomas typical for?

Climbing the mountains at a height of 5000 m climbers started complaining of breath shortness, palpitation, vertigo, ring in the ears. What pathogenetic factor determines the development of these occurances?

A patient consulted a doctor about the intensive skin itch, especially between fingers, in axillary creases, in the inferior part of belly. During the skin examination there were found twisting whitish tracts with speckles at the end of them. What disease are these clinical presentations typical for?

An infectious diseases hospital admitted a veterinarian with assumed brucellosis. What serologic test can confirm this diagnosis?

Autopsy of an 8 year old boy who was ill with pharyngeal and tonsillar diphtheria and died one week after illness begin revealed myocardial changes in form of small-focal myocardiocyte necroses, stroma edema with slight lymphocytic infiltration. What type of myocarditis is it:

In the course of an experiment a nerve is being stimulated by electric impulses. It leads to excretion of some quantity of thick viscous saliva by sublingual and submandibular glands. What nerve is being stimulated?

In a histological specimen of adrenal cortex there are petite polygonal cells that form roundish clusters and contain some lipidic inclusions. What part of adrenal is presented in this histological specimen?

Excessive hairiness of auricles (hypertrichosis) is determined by a gene which is localized in Y-chromosom. Father has this featur. What is the probability of the fact that the boy will be born with such anomaly?

A patient complains of painful cracks in mouth angles. What sulfanilamide can be recommended for local treatment of angular stomatitis?

A patient with an acute rhinitis has hyperemia and excessive mucus formation in nasal cavity. What epithelial cells of mucous membrane have the intensified activity?

A patient with gingivitis was prescribed a gargle with a certain preparation. Its antiseptic properties are determined by atomic oxygene that slivers in presence of organic substances. It has also deodorant, adstringent (anti-inflammatory), and in big concentrations - cauterizing effect. Water solutions are used for bathing of wounds, mouth gargling and in higher concentrations - for burn treatment. It is also used for gastric lavage in case of poisoning. Name this preparasion:

A 5 year old child was admitted to the ENT-department with suppurative inflammation of middle ear (tympanitis). It began with the inflammation of nasopharynx. What canal of temporal bone did the infection get into tympanic cavity through?

After poisoning with an unknown drug a 37 year old patient has stereotypical face muscle contractions that imitate blinking and squinting. What form of motor function disorder of nervous system is it?

A 36 year old man with craniocerebral trauma has diminished breath sounds, thready pulse, reflexes are absent. What route of pyracetam introduction is the most suitable in this case?

A patient with chronic hypoglycemia had adrenaline introduction. After introduction blood test hasnt changed essentially. Doctor assumed liver pathology. What liver function may have been changed?

A patient with inflammation of trigeminal nerve has been having progressive paradontitis for some years. What factor is the most important for parodontitis development?

During the examination of a two month boy a pediatrician noticed that the childs cry sounds like cats mewing; he revealed also microcephalia and valvular defect. By means of cytogenetic method he determined the childs karyotype - 46 ХУ, 5р-. At what stage of mitosis was the patients karyotype analyzed?

A patient has myocardial infarction with thrombosis of the left coronary artery. What pharmocological preparation group should be used to reestablish blood flow?

A 7 year old child was taken to the infectious disease hospital with complaints of acute pain during swallowing, temperature rise up to 390С, neck edem. Objective signs: tonsills are enlarged, their mucous membrane is plethoric and covered with a big number of whitish-yellowish films that are closely adjacent to the mucous membran. After removal of these films the deep bleeding defect remains. What type of inflammation is it?

Autopsy of a man who died from ethylene glycol poisoning revealed that his kidneys are a little bit enlarged, edematic; their capsule can be easily remove. Cortical substance is broad and light-grey. Medullary substance is dark-re. What pathology had this man?

A boxer who got a punch in the region of temporomandibular joint has a traumatic dislocation of mandibl. Displacement of what articular surfaces will overstep the limits of physiological norm?

A patient has an acute painfullness of face skin. What nerve is damaged?

A patient with diminished excretory function of kidneys has bad breath. What substance which is excessively excreted by salivary glands is the main cause of this occurence?

A patient has pure culture of diphtheria corynebacteri. What immunological reaction should be used in order to determine bacteria toxigenity?

The deficit of vitamin A causes the disorder of twilight vision. What cells is the photoreceptor function typical for?

A patient with essential hypertension takes enalapril. What mechanism of action has this hypotensive medication?

In order to make a functional complete denture the left superior canine of a patient should be extracte. After the infraorbital anesthesia the patient got a rapidly growing hematoma in the front part of fac. It was found that the injured artery is a branch of:

In course of an experiment the blood pressure of an animal had a stable rise by means of renal artery constriction. Hyperfunctioning of what renal cells cause this effect?

In an excitable cell the ion channells were blocke. It hasnt changed essentially the value of rest potential, but the cell lost its ability to generate AP (action potential). What channels were blocked?

Recovery from an infectious disease is accompanied by neutralization of antigens by specific antibodies. What cells produce them?

A patient with an acute myocarditis has the clinic presentations of cardiogenic shock. What pathogenetic mechanism plays the main part in shock development?

Histologic examination revealed in all layers of appendix a big number of polymorthonuclear leukocytes; hyperemia, stases. What disease are these symptoms typical for?

A 20 year old patient complains of excessive thirst and urinary excretion up to 10 L a day. The level of glucose in blood is normal, there is no glucose in urin. What hormone deficit can cause such changes?

In course of an experiment chorda tympani of an animal was being stimulated by electric current, as a result the parotid duct excreted:

A patient with cancer of the back of tongue had an intensive bleeding as a result of tumor spread to the dorsal artery of tongu. What vessel should be ligated in order to stop bleeding?

A woman with ischemic disease has been taking an antianginal medication that has the following properties: dilates coronary arteries, peripheral vessels (arterial and venous), reduces the need of myocardium in oxygen, improves endocardial blood circulation. Name this preparation:

Dystrophic changes of heart are accompanied by dilatation of cardiac cavities, decrease of heart beat force, increased volume of blood that remains in cardiac cavity after systole; veins are overfille. What state is this presentation typical for?

The symptoms of regeneration process (callus) on the place of fracture were revealed at the histologic specimen of tubular bon. What tissue forms this structure?

In course of combined therapy a patient with chronic cardiac insufficiency was taking digitoxin and furocemi. A a result he had extreme muscular weakness. What electrolyte imbalances may be revealed in his blood?

During the experimental analysis of chondrohistogenesis a sclerotome was damage. What cells will it make impossible to differentiate?

A 50 year old patient with ischemic disease was prescribed an antiaggregant preparation. The patient was taking overdoses of this preparation. It resulted in nausea, vomiting, stomach pain during fasting. What preparation was the patient prescribed?

The contents of vesicles from the mucous tunic of a man who has smallpox variola was sent to the virusologic laboratory. What will be revealed during microscopy of smears?

A man has been holding his breath for 60 seconds. After that the respiratory minute volume has increased up to 12 L. What blood change is the main reason for the increase of respiratory minute volume?

A 25 year old patient had in the dentists room a sudden attack of bronchial asthm. The doctor gave him salbutamol in the form of inhalation. What is the mechanism of action of this preparation?

From the purulent exudate of a patient with odontogenic phlegmon a pure culture of Gram(+) microorganisms was segregate. This culture was lecithinously active, coagulated plasma of a rabbit, decomposed mannitol under anaerobe conditions. What microorganism may have contributed to the origin of suppurative complication?

Decreased ratio of adenylic nucleotides ATP/ADP results in intensified glycolysis in parodentium tissues under hypoxia conditions. What reaction is activated in this case?

After a psychoemotional stress a 48 year old patient had a sudden attack of acute heart pain with irradiation to the left han. Nitroglycerine suppressed pain in 10 minutes. What pathogenetic mechanism is principal for the pain development?

A patient has a transverse laceration of spinal cord below the VІ thoracal segment. How will it change the character of breathing?

Skin samples of a patient with bronchial asthma revealed allergen sensitization of poplar fuzz. What factor of immune system plays the main part in development of this immunopathological state?

A patient has the following diagnosis: renal hypertension. What is the initial pathogenetic factor of arterial hypertension development in this case?

Patient with pigmentary xeroderma are characterized by anamalously high sensivity to ultraviolet rays that causes skin cancer as a result of enzyme systems incapability to restore damages of hereditary apparatus of cells. What process abnormality is this pathology connected with?

The activity of parotides reduces with ag. Activity of what enzyme in saliva will be reducing?

A one year old child has enlarged head and belly, retarded cutting of teeth, destruction of enamel structur. What hypovitaminosis causes these changes?

What vitamin deficit causes the simultaneous disorder of reproductive function and dystrophy of skeletal musculature?

After tooth extraction the blood pressure of a patient fell dramatically, the patient lost consciousness. Collaptoid state was diagnose. What drug should be used?

Pigmentation intensity of human skin is controlled by a few independent dominant genes. It is known that pigmentation is the more intensive, the bigger quantity of these genes. What is the type of interaction between these genes?

The students studied pecularities of genetic code and found out that there are amino acids corresponded by 6 codons, 5 amino acids - 4 different codons. Other amino acids are codified by three or two codons and only two amino acids are codified by one codon. What pecularity of genetic code did the students find out?

A man left a conditioned premise and went outsid. The outside temperature was +400С, the air moisture - 60%.What way of heat emission will be mostly involved in this case?

A patient with focal tuberculosis of superior lobe of his right lung takes isoniazid as a part of combined therapy. After a time he started complaining of muscular weakness, decrease of skin sensitivity, sight and movement coordination disorder. What vitamin preparation will be right for elimination of these occurances?

Microscopic analysis of a specimen revealed an organ of nervous system that consists of pseudounipolar neurons covered with glial and connective tissue membranes. Determine this organ:

Human body cools in water much more faster than in the air. Due to what way of heat emission does it happen?

A 28 year old patient was diagnosed:an acute inflammation of mucuos membrane of nasolacrimal duct. It is known from his past history that after influenza he had been having nasal excretions for 10 days. From what part of nasal cavity could the infection get into the nasolacrimal duct?

A woman in grave condition was admitted to a hospital with the following diagnosis: hemorrhagic stroke in the region of frontal part of the right cerebral hemispher. The damage of what artery caused most likely this condition?

X-ray examination revealed an accumulation of suppuration in maxillary sinus. Into what nasal meatus excretes the suppuration?

After honey consumption a teenager had urticaria accompanied by leukocytosis. What type of leukocytosis is it in this case?

During the preparation of a patient for a heart operation the doctors measured blood pressure in heart chambers. In one of them the pressure was changing from 0 to 120 mm during one cardiac cycl. Name the heart chamber:

A man had an acute onset of disease, he complained of chill, temperature rise up to 400С, headache, cough, dyspne. On the fifth day of illness he die. Autopsy revealed:his lungs were enlarged, they had a look of "coal-miners lungs". What illness is such postmortem diagnosis typical for?

Father bought some pork at the market. What disease may the members of his family catch supposed this meat didnt stand veterenary control?

In course of an experiment posterior roots of spinal cord of an animal were cut. What changes will take place in the innervation zone?

A patient with chronic glomerulonephritis has disorder of incretoty function of kidneys. What blood elements deficit will result from it?

The lung hypertension and cardiac insufficiency of right ventricle with ascites and edemata developed at patient with pneumosclerosis. What is the principal pathogenetic mechanism of edemata development?

A 46 year old patient was admitted to the hematological department. It was found that he had disorder of granulocytopoesis and thrombocytogenesis processes. In what organ does this pathological process take pace?

Two days after myocardial infarction a patient had a sudden systolic pressure decrease up to 60 mm, tachycardia up to 140/min, dyspnea; the patient lost consciousness. What mechanism is principal for the shock pathogenesis?

The body temperature of a patient with an infectious disease rises once in two days up to 39,5-40,50С and stays so for about an hour and then drops to the initial level. What type of fever is it?

In compliance with the clinical presentations a man was prescribed pyridoxalphosphat. What processes are corrected by this preparation?

A patient has the sudden decrease of Са2+ content in bloo. What hormone secretion will increase?

A laboratory received a material (extract of animal matter) from the region with cases of anthrax among animals. What serological reaction should be used in order to reveal antigenes of pathogenic organism in the given material?

The chemical burn of esophagus caused its local constriction as a result of scar formation. What cells of loose connective tissue take part in scar formation?

A patient was taken to the hospital with preliminary diagnosis progressive muscle distrophy. What substance will be excessively contained in urine and confirm this diagnosis?

What substance makes saliva viscous and mucous, has protective function, protects mucous membrane of oral cavity from mechanical damage?

During the embryogenesis of oral cavity the development of dental enamel was disturbe. What source of dental development was damaged?

A victim of a road accident has an abruption of a part of mandibular angle, displacement of fragment backwards and upwards. What ligament is responsible for this displacement?

ESR of a patient with pneumonia is 48 mm/h. What caused such changes?

A patient with kidney disease has high blood pressure, espesially the diastolic one. Hypersecretion of what biologically active substance causes blood pressure rise?

In course of embryogenesis maxillary and mandibular processes grew together with a delay. What development anomalies should be expected in this case?

The regeneration process of damaged skeletal muscles іs very slow. What elements of musculoskeletal fiber take part in the process of regeneration?

There is a 9 year old boy in endocrinological department, who has already had a few fractures of extremeties caused by fragility of bones. Malfunction of what endocrinous glands (gland) takes place?

Leukoses are treated with antimetabolite methotrexat. What vitamin is its antagonist?

A 22 year woman has enlarged lymphatic ganglions. Histological analysis of a ganglion revealed lymphocytes, histiocytes, reticular cells, small and great Hodgkins cells, multinuclear Reed-Sternberg cells, solitary foci of caseous necrosis. What disease are these changes typical for?

A patient started bleeding after tooth extraction. What action is necessary in this case?

After recovering from epidemic parotiditis a patient began to put off weight, he was permanently thirsty, drank a lot of water, had frequent urination, voracious appetit. Now he has complaints of skin itch, weakness, furunculosis. His blood contains: glucose - 16 mmole/L, ketone bodies - 100 mcmole/L; glucosuria. What disease has developed?

Before teeth come out first on their roots appears a solid tissue that looks like membrane reticulated bon. What tissue is it?

Unskilled people usually have muscle pain after sprints as a result of lactate accumulation. What biochemical process may it be connected with?

A patient with adenoma of glomeral zone of adrenal cortex (Conns disease) has arterial hypertension, convulsions, polyuri. What is the main link in pathogenesis of these disorders?

A patient who has been ill with tuberculosis for a long time has an intracellular mycobacteria disposition. What preparation must be included into the complex therapy of tuberculosis?

A patient has been taking glucocorticoids for a long tim. Drug withdrowal caused acute attack of his disease, blood pressure reduction, weakness. What are these occurences connected with?

15 minutes after a car accident examination of a 35 year old man revealed massive injury of lower extremities without serious external loos of bloo. The victim is in excited stat. What component of pathogenesis of traumatic shock is basic and requires urgent correction?

Sputum smears of a patient with chronic pulmonary disease were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen method and analyzed in the bacteriological laboratory. Microscopy revealed red bacillus. What property of tuberculosis myobacteria was found?

The myocytes cytoplasm contains a big number of dissolved metabolites of glucose oxidation. Name one of them that converts directly into lactate:

A patient has painfulness along big nerve trunks and excessive content of pyruvate in bloo. What vitamin deficit may cause such changes?

During the examination of patients oral cavity a dentist noticed a slight overbite of mandibular teeth by maxillary incisors. What occlusion belongs such position of teeth to?

A 65 year old patient suddenly die. She suffered from thrombophlebitis of deep veins of shin. Autopsy revealed: trunk and bifurcation of pulmonary artery contain red loose masses with dull corrugated surfac. What pathological process did the morbid anatomist reveal in pulmonary artery?

During the electronical microscopic analysis of salivary gland the cell fragmets were revealed which are surrounded by a membrane and contain condensed particles of nuclear substance and solitary organelles; the inflammatory reaction around these cells is absent. What process is meant?

A surgeon is going to take lympha from patients thoracic duct in the point of its flowing into venous channel. Where exactly should he insert a cannula?

A patient complains of having urination disorder. He is diagnosed the hypertrophy of prostate glan. What part of gland is damaged?

The preparation comlex for periodontitis treatment includes the medicine from the group of water soluble vitamins, bioflavonide derivative, which is prescribed together with ascorbic aci. This preparation has anti-oxidative properties, decreases gingival hemorrhag. What preparation is meant?

For assessment of the neutralizing function of liver a patient with chronic hepatitis went through a test with natrium benzoate loa. The excretion of what acid with urine will characterize the neutrolizing function of liver?

A patient has lost ability to recognize the objects by the typical for them sounds (clock, bell, music). What part of brain is most likely damaged?

A man permanently lives high in the mountains. What changes of blood characteristics can be found in his organism?

A 16 year old girl consulted a dentist about dark colour of teeth enamel. The family tree analysis revealed that this pathology is transmitted to all girls from father and to 50% of boys from mother. What type of inheritance are these pecularities typical for?

Microspecimen analysis of childs finger skin revealed that epidermis has signs of inadequate development. What embryonal leaf was damaged in the process of development?

Chronic overdosage of glucocorticoids leads to the development of hyperglycemi. What process of carbohydrate metabolism is responsible for this effect?

Autopsy of a woman who died of tumorous dissemination of mucinosous cystadenocarcinoma and before that had to stay in bed for a long time revealed big necrotic areas of skin and soft subjacent tissues in sacral region. What form of necrosis is the case?

After implantation of a cardiac valve a young man constantly takes indirect anticoagulants. His state was complicated by hemorrhag. What substance content has decreased in blood?

A patient is being operated under inhalation narcosis with nitrous oxid. It is known that it has evident lipophilic properties. What mechanism is responsible for transporting this preparation through biological membranes?

During the examination of patients oral cavity a dentist found a carious cavity on the crown surface of the second premolar tooth that was turned to the first molar tooth. Name the damaged crown surface:

A man who took part in disaster-management at a nuclear power plant had hemorrhagic syndrome at the same time with acute radiation sickness. What is the most important thing for the pathogenesis of this syndrome?

A lot of pyoinflammatory processes in oral cavity are caused by anaerobes. What nutrient medium can be used for conrol of wound textile contamination by anaerobes?

A patient has disorder of airways patency at the level of small and middle bronchs. What changes of acid-base balance may take place?

A woman after labor lost 20 kg of body weight, her hair and teeth fall out, she has muscle atrophy (hypophysial cachexia). Synthesis of what hypophysis hormone is disturbed?

A patient who suffered form syphilis took a course of antibiotic therapy and fully recovere. Some time later he was infected again with Treponema pallidum. What form of infection is it?

A patient arrived to the oral surgery department with dislocation of temporomandibular joint and injury of its main ligament. Name this ligament:

A patient with chronic alcoholism has symptoms of polyneuritis and cardiac insufficiensy. What vitamin preparation should be prescribed to this patient?

A patient with disorder of cerebral circulation has problems with deglutition. What part of cerebrum was damaged?

During ablation of the nose wing lypoma a dentist injured a vessel, that caused a saphenous hematom. What vessel was damaged?

In the vermiform appendix there was found a white helminth, 40 mm long with thin filiform forward en. Ecscrements contained oval eggs with plugs at the poles. Determine the kind of helminth:

Examination of a patient with hepatolenticular degeneration revealed that synthesis of ceruloplasmin protein has a defect. What organelles is this defect connected with?

During the histologic lung analysis of a man who died from cardiac insufficiency the inflammation focuses were reveale. Alveoles were full of light-pink fluid, here and there with pinkish fibers that formed a close-meshed reticulum with a small number of lymphocytes. What type of exudate is present in lungs?

A 53 year old patient consulted a doctor about white patch on the mucous membrane of tongu. This patch sticks out from the mucous membrane, its surface is cracke. Microscopic analysis reveals thickening of multilayer epithelium, parakeratosis and acanthosis. What is the most probable diagnosis?

A patient with complaints of dizziness, worsening of vision acuity, sickness, salivation and spasmodic stomachaches was taken to the admission department. The diagnosis was poisoning with organophosphorous compounds. What preparations should be included into complex therapy?

Bacteriological laboratory has the task to sterilize nutrient mediums containing substances that convert under the temperature over 1000С (urea, carbohydrates). What method of sterilization should be used?

After consumption some tinned meat a patient had diplopia, acute headache, deglutition disorder, hard breathing, muscle weakness. The diagnosis was botulism. What factor of pathogenicity are the clinic presentations of this disease connected with?

A man has a diosorder of absorption of fat hydrolysates. What components deficit in the cavity of small intestine may cause this effect?

A newborn child has microcephali. Doctors believe that it is the result of mothers taking actinomycin D during pregnancy. What embryonal leaf was influenced by this teratogen?

A man consumes dry foo. What salivary glands secret most of all?

In a histological specimen the gland adenomeres should be determine. They are formed by the cells with central round nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm. Determine the type of adenomeres:

A 23 year patient was admitted to the hospital in grave condition with craniocerebral traum. His respiration is characterized by a spasmodic long inspiration interrupted by a short expiration. What respiration type is it typical for?

A purulent wound was treated with a solution that had antiseptic effect and contributed to the mechanical wound cleansing. What solution was used?

A patients preliminary diagnosis is toxoplasmosis. What material was used for diagnostics of this disease?

A child complains of having an itch in occipital and temporal region of hea. After examination his mother found superficial ulcers as a result of scratching and white nits in the hair. Name the pathogenic organism: