Крок 1 · Стоматологія 2008 · Англійська

Examination of a patient revealed enlargement of some body parts (jaw, nose, ears, feet, hands), but body proportions were conserved. It might be caused by intensified secretion of the following hormone:

During lancing of deep abscess of a cheek a vertical section was performed. It resulted in paresis (dysfunction) of muscles on the side of operation. There were cut the branches of the following nerve:

Examination of a microspecimen made of an unknown organ revealed some acini that contained 10-15 cone cells with basophilic cytoplasm, round nucleus and well developed granular endoplasmic reticulum. An acinus is surrounded by a basal membrane with myoepithelial cells localized in its splitting. What organ is the slice made of?

A 20 y.o. patient complains of general weakness, dizziness, rapid fatigability. Examination results: Hb- 80 g/l; microscopical analysis results: erythrocytes are deformed. These symptoms might be caused by:

A patient with systemic scleroderma has an intensified collagen destruction. Collagen destruction will be reflected by intensified urinary excretion of the following amino acid:

A student has been staying in a badly ventilated room for a long time that resulted in acceleration of respiratory rate. What receptors were the first to react to the increased concentration of carbonic acid in the air?

A 42 y.o. man who had been suffering from chronic granulomatous periodontitis and chronic purulent osteomyelitis of his lower jaw for 8 years died under conditions of acute renal insufficiency. What complication of purulent osteomyelitis was developed in kidneys?

Among students of the same group there are representatives of different races. One of the students has straight black hair and a fold of skin extending over the superior eyelid - epicanthus. What race does this student most probably represent?

An electrical cardiostimulator was implanted to a 75 y.o. man with heart rate of 40 bpm. After that heart rate rose up to 70 bpm. Cardiostumulator assumed the function of the following heart part:

A patient with closed fracture of humeral bone was bandaged with plaster. The next day the injured hand became swollen, cyanotic and cold. What disorder of peripheral blood circulation are these symptoms typical for?

Examination of a child revealed growth of a pharyngeal tonsil causing the obstructed air escape from nasal cavity. What openings of nasal cavity are blocked in this case?

A patient is ill with dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia. During history taking it was revealed that the main foodstuff of the patient was maize. These disturbances are caused by deficiency of the following vitamin:

A patient was prescribed a drug with apparent lipophilic properties. What is the main mechanism of its absorption?

To subdue the fever and relieve tooth ache a patient was prescribed paracetamol. What is the action mechanism of this medication?

An embryon has signs of disturbed process of dorsal mesoderm segmentation and somite generation. What part of skin is most likely to have developmental abnormalities?

A 30 y.o. man was irradiated with approximately 3 Gy. What blood changes will be revealed 8 hours after exposure to radiation?

Roentgenological examination of a patient revealed a cyst in the area of a premolar that contained a tooth in its cavity. Microscopical examination reveals that the cyst wall is represented by connective tissue and lined with multistratal squamous cell epithelium. Specify the diagnosis:

When doctors of a sanitary-and-epidemiologic institution examine employees of public catering establishments they often reveal asymptomatic parasitosis, that is when a healthy person is a carrier of cysts that infect other people. What causative agent cannot parasitize in such a way?

A 5 y.o. child had a temperature rise up to 40°C, acute headache, vomiting, anxiety, chill. 4 days later there appeared hemorrhagic skin eruption, oliguria and adrenal insufficiency that caused death. Bacteriological examination of smears from the childs pharynx revealed meningococcus. What disease form was revealed?

Approach to the thyroid gland from the transversal (collar-like) access requires opening of cellular suprasternal space. It is dangerous to damage the following anatomic formation in this space:

Prophylactic examination of a patient revealed hyperglycemia, ketonuria, polyuria, glycosuria. What form of acid-base balance disorder is the case?

During morphological examination of pulp floor three zones can be clearly differentiated: the one of softened dentin, sclerotic dentin, replacing dentin. What stage of caries are these changes typical for?

As a result of dehelmintization a 2 m helminth came out with feces. It had segmented body, small head with four suckers and hooks. Name the type of helminth:

For the preparation of the burned skin surface of a patient a certain medication was applied. Its antiseptic properties are provided by free oxygen released in presence of organic substances. What medication is it?

A patient was diagnosed with a radicular cyst that had invaded nasal cavity. What tooth is most probably affected?

A patient is ill with herpetic stomatitis provoked by immunosuppression. What preparation introduced intravenously, internally and locally can provide antiviral and immunopotentiating effect?

During examination of a childs oral cavity a pediatrician found 8 incisors. The childs development corresponds to his age. How old is the child?

A 30 y.o. patient who was diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis has proteinuria. What disturbance is the cause of this phenomenon?

A newborn child gains weight very slowly, his urine contains too much orotic acid that is indicative of disturbed synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. What metabolite should be used in order to normalize metabolism?

A patient has arterial hemorrhage from the cut wound in the area of anterior part of mastication muscle. What vessel should be ligated?

A 35 y.o. patient diagnosed with sterility came to gynaecological department for diagnostic biopsy of endometrium. Microscopic examination revealed that mucous membrane is edematous, uterine glands are convoluted and filled with thick secreta. Such changes in the endometrium are caused by excess of the following hormon:

A patient suffers from bradyarrhythmia caused by hypertension. What drug should be administered?

Introduction of a local anesthetic to a patient resulted in the development of anaphylactic shock. What is the leading mechanism of blood circulation disturbance?

A blood smear of a patient who has recently recovered from flu contains 10% of roundish cells 4,5-7 micrometer large with a big round nucleus and basophilically stained cytoplasm in form of a narrow border around the nucleus. What blood status are they typical for?

A group of researchers set an experiment and obtained anucleate mutant cells. In the first place they will have disturbed synthesis of the following compounds:

An isolated muscle fiber is under experiment. It was ascertained that excitement threshold of a cell was significantly lowered. What might have caused this phenomenon?

After sprinting untrained people feel muscular pain as a result of lactate accumulation. I may be connected with intensification of the following biochemical process:

Epithelium regeneration of mucous membrane of oral cavity (cell reproduction) was accompanied by semiconservative DNA replication (selfreproduction). Nucleotides of a new DNA chain are complementary to:

A patient ill with chronic glomerulonephritis has a disturbed incretory function of kidneys. It will result in the deficit of the following blood corpuscles:

A newborn child has hyperemia, edema of mouth mucous membrane, small erosions with viscous mucopurulent discharge. Examination of mucopus smears reveals a great number of leukocytes containing gram-negative diplococci. The same microorganisms can be found outside the leukocytes. What is the most probable diagnosis?

A patient has myocardium infarction of the posterior wall of the right ventricle. What arterys branches are thrombosed?

Pellagra may be caused by maize domination and low quantity of animal foodstuffs in the dietary intake. This pathology results from lack of the following amino acid:

Examination of a patient revealed change of secretory function of a parotid gland. It is connected with disturbance of its vegetative innervation. What ganglion of vegetative nervous system gives postganglionic parasympathetic fibers for it?

Helminthological examination of patients feces revealed oval brown eggs with tuberous external membrane. Name the type of helminth:

A microphotography represents a fragment of cortical substance of a kidney. This fragment contains thick spot cells and juxtaglomerular cells with big secretory granules. What kidney structure is represented?

It is known that information about amino acid sequence in a protein molecule is stored as a sequence of four nucleotide types in a DNA molecule, and different amino acids are encoded by different quantity of triplets ranging from one to six. Name this property of genetic code:

After a surgical procedure a patient felt ill with enteroparesis. What medication from the group of anticholinesterase drugs should be prescribed?

Microscopic examination during autopsy of a 70 y.o. man who had been ill with atherosclerosis for a long time and died from cardiovascular insufficiency revealed in the abdominal area of aorta some dense oval fibrous plaques with lime deposition in form of dense brittle plates. What stage of atherosclerosis morphogenesis is it?

It is required to disinfect equipment in a dental room. Choose a preparation without disagreeable odour and colouring power:

A patient has an allergic reaction accompanied by itching, edemata and reddening of skin. What biogenic amine has an increased concentration in the tissues?

A 16 y.o. girl consulted a dentist about dark colour of tooth enamel. Analysis of her pedigree revealed that this pathology was inherited by all girls from father and by 50% of boys from mother. What mode of inheritance are these pecularities typical for?

After a patient recovered from a cold he got disturbed lacrimation. What vegetative ganglion was damaged most of all?

Up to 50% of world population aged above thirty is affected by paradontosis. The leading part in pathogenesis of this disease is played by:

A patient who attempted suicide in a state of serious depression was delivered to a hospital by an ambulance. What drugs should be administered?

Hepatic disfunctions accompanied by insufficient inflow of bile to the bowels result in coagulation failure. This phenomenon can be explained by:

A patient with enteritis accompanied with intense diarrhea has reduced quantity of water in the extracellular space and increased quantity of water inside the cells as well as low blood osmolarity. Name this disorder of water-electrolytic metabolism:

Laboratory examination of a child revealed high content of leucine, valine, isoleucine and their ketoderivates in blood and urine. Urine had the typical smell of maple syrup. This disease was caused by deficiency of the following enzyme:

Hydrocyanic acid and cyanides are the most violent poisons. According to the dose the death follows after a few seconds or minutes. The death is caused by the inhibited activity of the following enzyme:

A 5 y.o. childs enamel and dentin are striated with yellowish-brown stripes, the child has also dentin exposure, multiple caries. It is known that the childs mother had been taking antibiotics during her pregnancy. What medication might have caused such by-effect?

A doctor needs to anaesthetize the anterior part of mucous membrane of hard palate. What nerves should he block?

Dentists widely apply local anaesthesia adding adrenalin to an anaesthetic solution. What is the purpose of this method?

Antigens of Sonne shigella placed on the objects of outdoor environment and foodstuffs can be revealed by means of a certain test with application of a diagnostic test system that includes a polystyrene tray with adsorbed specific antibodies. What reaction is it?

Histological examination in the area of cervix of a fundic gland reveals small cells that have high nuclear-cytoplasmatic ratio and basophilic cytoplasm. What is the function of these cells?

A neurological department admitted a 62 y.o. man in grave condition on account of cerebral hemorrhage. Objectively: increase of respiration depth and frequency, then its decrease to apnoea, whereupon the cycle of respiratory movements is restored. What respiration type is it?

A patient has a skin defect as a result of an extensive burn. In order to mask this defect the surgeons transplanted a skin flap from other body part of this patient. What type of transplantation is it?

A patient has a trauma of his upper jaw with an injury of supraorbital foramen. What jaw surface was damaged?

After a surgical procedure an experimental animal died from intense convulsions. What endocrinal glands were extracted?

Examination of a 40 y.o. man ill with stenosing (without metastases) esophageal carcinoma revealed the folowing changes: atrophy of skeletal muscles and fatty tissue. His skin is sallow, epidermis is attenuated, heart has grown smaller. Myocardium and liver are brown. What is the most probable diagnosis?

A doctor recorded in the medical history that a patient had hypopnoe (reduced respiration depth). It means that the following characteristic of external respiration is reduced:

A couple applied to a genetic consultation with a question about probability of giving birth to children with X-linked rachitis (dominant character). Father is healthy, mother is heterozygous and suffers from this disease. Vitamin-resistant rachitis can be inherited by:

A patient has acute cardiac insufficiency resulting from essential hypertension. What drug is the most appropriate in this case?

A patient dropped into an ice hole, froze in the wind and fell ill. Body temperature rose up to 39,7°C and varied from 39,0°C to 39,8°C. Name the type of the patients temperature profile?

Tetracycline taking in the first half of pregnancy causes abnormalities of fetus organs and systems, including tooth hypoplasia and alteration of their colour. What type of variability is the childs disease related to?

During embryogenesis trophoblast develops into an organ rudiment that has endocrinal function. What rudiment is it?

A patient ill with diabetes mellitus went through an operation on account of abscess in the area of posterior part of his neck. The wound healing lasted for a month and a half; the wound constantly discharged pus. On the site of the healed wound there appeared an irregular scar. In what way did the wound healing take place?

As a result of road accident a driver got multiple injuries of lateral surface of his head including the malar arch fracture. What muscles function will be damaged?

Being at a dentist a patient had an attack of stenocardia. What drug from the nitrate group should be applied in this case?

Study of a tubular organ revealed that its median membrane consists of solid hyaline rings. What epithelium lines mucous membrane of this organ?

Examination of a 10 y.o. child revealed on the alveolar submandibular process a fixed tumourous mass 1,5 cm in diameter closing premolar crown on the vestibular side. Mucous membrane of its surface is reddish-brown, it bleeds as a reaction to a slight mechanical intervention. Biopsy results: the mass consists of small size vessels separated by thin layers of connective tissue and infiltrated by plasmocytes, mucous membrane is here and there ulcered. What is the most probable diagnosis?

A patient with a craniocerebral trauma has respiratory standstill. What part of cerebrum is most likely to be damaged?

Typical symptom of cholera is loss of a large quantity of water and sodium ions by an organism. What mechanism underlies initiation of diarhea in this case?

After the mouth is closed and teeth are clenched the mouth begins to open reflectory. This reflex is initiated by the following receptors:

As a result of expression of some genome components the embryo cells acquire typical morphological, biochemical and functional properties. Name this process:

The first grade pupils went through a medical examination aimed at selection of children needing tuberculosis revaccination. What test was applied?

A 7 y.o. girl was admitted to the infectious diseases hospital with fever, sore throat, common weakness. A doctor suspected diphtheria. What would be crucial for diagnosis confirmation after pure culture of causative agent had been singled out?

A patient suffering from chronic renal insufficiency felt ill with osteoporosis. It is caused by disturbed synthesis of the following regulator of mineral metabolism:

Recovery of an organism from an infectious disease is accompanied by neutralization of antigens by specific antibodies. What cells produce them?

A surgeon is going to take lymph from a patients thoracic duct, from where it flows into the venous stream. Where should he insert a catheter into?

Examination of a tooth slice of a 42 y.o. man revealed on the dentinal-enamel border some solid linear fusiform structures as long as ⅓ of enamel depth. What structures were revealed?

Electron microscopic study of a cell revealed roundish bubbles confined by a membrane and containing a lot of various hydrolytic enzymes. It is known that these organellas provide intracellular digestion and protective functions. These elements are:

A patient was admitted to a hospital because of risk of inflammation spread from the occipital area to the cranial cavity. What anatomical formation can the inflammation spread through?

A 28 y.o. patient was diagnosed with acute inflammation of mucous membrane of nasolacrimal duct. It is known from his anamnesis that he was having nasal discharges for 10 days after he had recovered from flu. From which part of nasal cavity could the infection have penetrated into the nasolacrimal duct?

A patient ill with adenoma of glomerular zone of adrenal cortex (Conns disease) has arterial hypertension, convulsions, polyuria. What is the main factor in the pathogenesis of these disturbances?

In case of many infectious diseases patients blood may contain antigens of causative agents. What reaction should be applied provided that the level of antigenemia is low?

A child is presumably ill with diphtheria. A specimen of affected mucous membrane of his pharynx was taken for analysis. The smear was stained and microscopical examination revealed yellow rods with dark blue thickenings on their ends. What structural element of a germ cell was revealed in the detected microorganisms?

Deglutition of a patient is disturbed as a result of a trauma. The most probable cause of this disturbance is affection of the following part of CNS:

A patient had a cranial trauma that resulted in sight loss. What area of cerebral cortex was damaged?

A patient with accute attack of duodenal ulcer was admitted to a hospital. Analysis of his gastric juice revealed intensification of secretory and acid-forming stomach functions. Choose a drug that will reduce secretory stomach function due to blockade of H₂-receptors:

Estimation of heat expenditures of a mans organism by means of inderect calomitery had the following results: the organism consumed 1000 ml of oxygen and emitted 800 ml of carbonic acid per minute. What is the respiratory quotient of a man under examination?

A 3 m.o. baby has white film on the mucous membrane of his mouth, tongue and lips. A doctor suspected candidosis. What nutrient medium should be applied for inoculation of the material under examination in order to confirm this diagnosis?

A patient who has been traeted in a neurological clinic with sedatives for a long time has the following complications: cough, rhinitis, lacrimation. What preparation might have caused such disorders?

A patient in a cardiological department has arrhythmia. A doctor administered him amyodaron. What is the main mechanism of amyodarons antiarrhythmic action?

Examination of a histological specimen of tubular bone revealed signs of regeneration process (callus). What tissue is this structured formed of?

Parodontitis is accompanied by proteolysis activation in the parodontium tissues. Proteolysis activation is signalized by increase of the following component of mouth liquid:

A 5 y.o. girl has high temperature and sore throat. Objectively: soft palate edema, tonsills are covered with grey films that can be hardly removed and leave deep bleeding tissue injuries. What disease is the most probable?

There is a specimen of soft palate where both oral and nasal surfaces can be seen. It was revealed that oral cavity had damaged epithelium. What epithelium is damaged?

An electronic microphotography represents a cell without nucleoli and nuclear membrane. Chromosomes are loosely scattered, centrioles migrate to the poles. What phase of cell cycle is it?

Examination of a 60 y.o. mans oral cavity revealed the following changes: the 26th and 27th tooth are covered with metallic crowns that plunge deep into the gums. There is a parodontal pouch 0,7 cm deep between them containing some pus. Gingival papillae of these teeth are hyperemic, edematic, cyanotic, bleed as a reaction to touching by a dental explorer. X-ray picture shows resorption of interdental septa of ½ of tooth root. What is the most probable diagnosis?

A lightly dressed man is standing in a room; air temperature is +14°C. Windows and doors are closed. In what way does he loose heat most of all?

A patient applied to a doctor with complaints about noise and painful sensations in his ear. Objectively: a patient is ill with acute respiratory disease, rhinitis. The infection that caused inflammation of tympanic cavity could have penetrated into it through the following pharynx opening:

Medullary substance of a hemopoietic organs lobule in a histological specimen is lighter coloured and contains epithelial bodies. What organ are these morphological properties typical for?

A patient who had been suffering from a renal disease for many years died from uremia. Autopsy revealed that the kidneys were abnormally small, dense, fine-grained, light grey. What are the kidneys with such changes called?

A 20 y.o. patient complains about morbid thirst and profuse urination (up to 10 l a day). Glucose concentration in blood is normal, urine contains no glucose. Such condition may be caused by deficiency of the following hormone:

A patient was stung by a bee. Examination results: his left hand is hot, pink and edematic, there is a big blister on the spot of the sting. What is the leading mechanism of edema development?

A hospital admitted a 9 y.o. boy with mental and physical retardation. Biochemical blood analysis revealed high content of phenylalanine. Such condition may be caused by blocking of the following enzyme:

A parient with hemorrhage from the lacerated wound in the angle of his mouth was delivered to the accident ward. What artery was injured?

In course of an experiment a nerve is being stimulated by electric impulses. As a result of it sublingual and submaxillary glands discharge some dense viscous saliva. What nerve is being stimulated?

Autopsy of a 34 y.o. man who died from rheumatism revealed that epicardium surface was villous and covered with grey films that can be easily removed. After their removal the surface is edematic and plethoric. What is the most probable diagnosis?

A patient has a disturbed function of masticatory muscles. What nerve is damaged?

48 hours after tuberculine test (Mantoux test) a child had a papule up to 10 mm in diameter on the spot of tuberculine introduction. What hypersensitivity mechanism underlies the mentioned changes?

For treatment of skin diseases with apparent inflammation in the maxillofacial area the topical glucocorticoids are applied. What preparation has the minimal resorptive effect?

A patient with edemata was prescribed a К+-retaining diuretic - aldosterone antagonist. What drug is it?

All nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be harmful for stomach mucous membrane. In order to find substances that dont cause such complication it is necessary to know factors it is connected with. What molecular substrate should be less affected in order to reduce intensity of this complication?

During an operation on account of mandibular dislocation a doctor should consider effect of a certain muscle. Its posterior fascicles draw back protruding lower jaw. What muscle is meant?

A man who has been staying in a stuffy room for a long time lost consciousness. He regained consciousnes after inhalation of ammonia spirit vapour. This substances effect is connected with direct influence upon the following structures:

Macroscopic examination of lung tissue revealed areas of high airiness with small bubbles. histological examination revealed thinning and rupture of alveolar septa accompanied by formation of large diversiform cavities. What disease was revealed in a lung?

A man is ill with a protozoan disease characterized by cerebral affection and loss of sight. Blood analysis revealed half-moon-shaped unicellular organisms with pointed ends. This disease is caused by:

A 9 y.o. boy was admitted to the endocrinological department. This boy has already had several fractures of hist extremities due to bone brittlness. The function of the following endocrinal glands (gland) is disturbed:

A 52 y.o. patient ill with mandibular cancer took radiation treatment. The tumor became less in size. What mechanism of cell destruction is the primary cause of radiation treatment effectiveness?

A mans heart rate was measured according to his pulse. It equaled 120 bpm. What is the duration of cardiac cycle?

After anlage of primary teeth at the beginning of the fifth month of embryogenesis some factors disturbed growth ability of dental plate behind the mentioned anlages. What serious consequence is possible?

An employee was working with radioactive substances and as a result of an incident he was irradiated with 4 Gy. He complains about headache, nausea, dizzyness. What changes of blood formula can be expected 10 hours after irradiation?

A pregnant woman applied to a doctor with complaints typical for toxoplasmosis. The doctor took a sample of her blood. What serological tests should be performed in this case?

A patient complained about a carbuncle on his face. Examination results: neither dense nor painful edema of subcutaneous cellular tissue, there is black crust in the middle of the carbuncle and peripheral vesicular rash around it. Bacteriological examination revealed presence of immobile streptobacilli able of capsulation. What microorganisms are causative agents of this disease?

A dentist revealed a shallow cavity with damaged enamel between two central superior incisors. He diagnosed a patient with caries. On what surface of tooth crown will the dentist fill the tooth?

A patient has recently had staphylococcal infection that led to anasarca; laboratory urine analysis revealed massive proteinuria. Results of blood analysis: hypoproteinemia, hyperlipemia. What pathology can be suspected?

Blood analysis of a patient ill with jaundice revealed increase of total bilirubin by its indirect fraction. Urine and feces are intensively stained. What is the most probable mechanism of these abnormalities?

For the purpose of disinfection of nonmetallic surgical instruments the formaldehyde solution was used. What group does this anticeptic preparation belong to according to its chemical structure?

Liver specimen contains intralobular capillaries that have broad irregular lumen. The greatest part of the capillary has no basal membrane. What type of capillaries is it?

A 38 y.o. patient applied to a hospital and complained that she had lost sensation of food touching anterior ⅔ of her tongue as well as pain and temperature sensation (burned her tongue with hot tea) after an acute viral respiratory disease. It is caused by the damage of the following nerve branch:

Isonitol triphosphates are produced in the organism tissues as a result of phosphatidyl inositol diphosphate hydrolysis. In the mechanism of hormone activity they perform the function of secondary mediators (messengers). What is their activity in the cell aimed at?

A 42 y.o. patient complains of pain in the epigastral area, vomiting; vomit masses have the colour of "coffee-grounds", the patient has also melena. Anamnesis records gastric ulcer. Blood formula: erythrocytes - 2,8×012 /l, leukocytes – 8×09/l, Hb- 90 g/l. What complication is it?

After prophylactic medical examination a 7 y.o. boy was diagnosed with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (only boys fall ill). His parents are healthy, but his grandfather by his mothers side has the same disease. What type of inheritance is it?

During an operation on a woman it became necessary to ligate her uterine artery. What formation can be accidentally ligated together with this artery?

Hemotransfusion stimulated development of intravascular erythrocyte hemolysis. The patient has the following type of hypersensitivity:

A pregnant woman lost for about 800 ml of blood during labour. There is also tachycardia, arterial pressure is 100/70 mm Hg, tachypnea up to 28/min. What hypoxia type is primary in such clinical situation?

Speed of excitement conduction was studied on different areas of an isolated heart. In what area was the lowest speed registered?

A patient with Itsenko-Cushing syndrome has persistent hyperglycemia and glycosuria, hypertension, osteoporosis, obesity. What hormons synthesis and secretion are intensified in this case?

Blood of patients ill with diabetes mellitus has high content of free fatty acids. It may be caused by:

During tooth development periodontium preserves remains of embryonal coleorhiza (Hertwigs epithelial root sheath) that are called Malassezs epithelial rests. They can be sourse of cyst or tumour development in the area of tooth radix. What cells form Hertwigs epithelial root sheath?

Clinical examination enabled to make a provisional diagnosis: stomach cancer. Gastric juice contained lactic acid. What type of glucose catabolism turns up in the cancerous cells?

Vaccination is done by means of a toxin that has been neutralized by a formaldehyde (0,4%) at a temperature 37-400С for four weeks. Ramond was the first to apply this preparation for diphtheria prophylaxis. What preparation is it?

Soft palate arches were taken for bioptic examination because of suspected tumour (macroscopical examination revealed an ulcer with dense floor). Biopsy revealed necrosis of mucous membrane along with infiltration of submucous layer by lymphocytes, epithelioid cells, plasmatic cells, single neutrophils. There is also evident endo- and perivasculitis. What disease are the described changes typical for?

A 30 y.o. patient is diagnosed with amebic dysentery. This diagnosis was bacteriologically confirmed. Name the preparation for its treatment:

Examination of a tooth revealed a large cavity in its crown. The floor of this cavity is formed by a thin layer of softened dentin that separates this cavity from the pulp. What is the most probable diagnosis?

A patient with acute poisoning with morphine was delivered to the hospital ward. What specific antagonist of narcotic analgesics is to be applied in this case?

As a result of punctate retinal hemorrhage a patient lost ability to see objects in the centre of visual field. In what part of retina did the hemorrhage take place?

Microscopical examination of a surgical specimen (an ulcered part of a lip) revealed in the connective tissue of mucous membrane near the borders and under the floor of the ulcer some epithelial complexes consisting of atypic multistratal epithelium with accumulations of bright pink concentric formations. What pathology is it?

A patient had a trauma that resulted in a fracture in the external inferior third of his right crus. What bone was broken?