Крок 1 · Стоматологія 2017 · Англійська

Heterozygous parents with А (II) and В (III) blood groups according to AB0 system gave birth to a child. What is the probability of the child having 0 (I) blood group?

During dehelmintization a patient expelled long fragments of a segmented helminth. In some segments their width exceeds their length; there is a rosette¬like uterus in the segment center. Name the helminth:

Carious cavities of a 29-year-old patient contain parasitic protozoa. It is established that they belong to the Sarcodina class. Specify these protozoa:

According to the law of constancy of chromosome numbers, most ani¬mal species have definite and constant chromosome number. The mechani¬sm that maintains this constancy duri¬ng sexual reproduction of organisms is called:

At a certain stage of human ontogenesis, physiological bond occurs between circulatory systems of the mother and the fetus. This function is being carried out by the following provi¬sory organ:

It is necessary to perform urinary bladder catheterization of an adult man. Resistance to the catheter can occur in the following structure or part of the urethra:

A woman has come to a dentist wi¬th complaints of bruising and swelling around her eye. Anamnesis is as follows: several days prior her 1st premolar tooth had been extracted, with infraorbital anaesthesia administered; several days later hematoma appeared in the area of foramen intraorbitale. The branch of the following artery was damaged:

A patient consulted a doctor about an increased pain sensitivity of the ear skin and ear canal. Palpation behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle was painful. Such clinical presentations are typical of the irritation of the following nerve:

In a 12-year-old patient an inflammatory process in the internal ear spread to the meninges, diffusely affecti¬ng them. A doctor suspects the process to have spread through the connection between the subarachnoid space of the brain and perilymphatic space of the internal ear. What anatomic structure became the pathway for the spreading inflammation?

A woman with essential hypertensi¬on has been hospitalized. The patient presents with aneurysm of a. communi- cans posterior of the cerebrum arterial circle. What vessels of arterial circle are normally joined with this artery?

In the skin biopsy material in the epidermis there are cells with processes and cytoplasm that contains dark brown granules. Name these cells:

Gastroscopy of a patient revealed the lack of mucus in the coating of the mucous membrane. This can be caused by the dysfunction of the following cells of gastric wall:

Alcoholic intoxication is accompani¬ed by disturbed motor coordination and equilibrium due to the damage caused to structural elements of the cerebellum. Functional disturbance of the following cells occurs in the first place:

Histologic specimen demonstrates an oral cavity organ with mucosa covered with keratinized stratified squamous epi-thelium. Specify this organ or its part:

During gastrulation an embryo proceeds from histiotrophic to hematotrophic nutrition. What provi¬sory organ makes it possible at first?

One of the coats of a hollow organ has anastomotic fibers with nuclei. The fibers consist of cells that form intercalated disks at the places of contact. What tissue forms this coat?

A 30-year-old woman has decreased enzyme content in the pancreatic juice. This condition can be caused by insuffici-ent secretion of the following hormone:

Electric current has affected skeletal muscle fiber resulting in depolarisati¬on of the membrane. Depolarisation develops due to the following ions penetrating the membrane:

Psychological evaluation determined that a person is able to quickly adapt to changing situation, has good memory, is emotionally stable, possesses of high working ability. This person is the most likely to be:

An oculist has detected increased ti¬me of darkness adaptation of a patient’s eye. What vitamin deficiency can cause such symptom?

A patient suffers from diabetes melli- tus with fasting hyperglycemia over 7,2 mmol/l. What blood plasma protein would allow to assess the patient’s glycemia level retrospectively (4-8 weeks prior to examination)?

A patient is in the state of hypoglycemic coma. What hormone can cause this condition if overdosed?

A 24-year-old patient has been admi¬nistered glutamic acid to treat epilepsy. Medicinal effect in this case occurs not due to glutamate itself, but due to the product of its decarboxylation:

Mucin aggregates retain water, whi¬ch results in their viscosity and protecti¬ve action. It is possible because mucin structure contains:

Along with normal hemoglobin types there can be pathological ones in the body of an adult. Specify one of them:

Chronic overdosage of glucocorti¬coids leads to the development of hyperglycemia. What process of carbohydrate metabolism is responsible for this effect?

After anaesthetic application during tooth extraction the patient developed marked soft tissue edema of the upper and lower jaw, skin rash on the face, reddening, and itching. What pathologi¬cal process results in such reaction to the anaesthetic?

Due to morbid affection of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus a 40year-old pati¬ent has developed polyuria (10-12 liters per day) and polydipsia. The following hormone is deficient, thus leading to this disturbance:

A patient with glossitis presents with disappearance of lingual papi¬llae, reddening and burning pain in the tongue. Blood test: erythrocytes - 2,2 • 1012/l, hemoglobin - і0з g/l, color index -1,4. What type of anemia is it?

A patient with chronic renal failure presents with reduced inulin clearance of 60 ml/min. The following renal function is disturbed:

Histological investigation of an extracted tooth revealed presence of necrotic detritus with fatty acid crystals and numerous microbe colonies in the pulp chamber. What diagnosis is the most likely?

Autopsy of a man with tuberculosis has revealed a 3x2 cm large cavity in the superior lobe of the right lung. The cavity was interconnected with a bronchus, its wall was dense and consi¬sted of three layers: the internal layer was pyogenic, the middle layer was made of tuberculous granulation tissue and the external one was made of connective ti¬ssue. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Histological investigation of renal bi¬opsy material taken from a patient wi¬th tuberculosis has revealed chaotically located chromatin granules in the focus of caseous necrosis. These changes are the result of:

During inspection of dental tools for sterility in one case gram-positive cocci were detected. They were situated in clusters and yielded positive plasma coagulation reaction; the cocci were fermenting mannitol in anaerobic condi¬tions and exhibiting lecithinase activity. What microorganism was detected?

Analysis of sputum taken from a pati¬ent with suspected pneumonia revealed slightly elongated gram-positive di- plococci with tapered opposite ends. What microorganisms were revealed in the sputum?

Microscopic examination of pus sample taken from mandibular fistula canal and stained by Gram’s method has revealed druses with gram-positive coloring in the center and cone-shaped structures with gram-negative coloring. Such morphology is characteristic of the agent of:

A puncture sample has been taken from the inguinal lymph nodes of a pati¬ent provisionally diagnosed with plague. The sample was inoculated into hard nutrient medium. What shape will the colonies have, if the diagnosis is confi¬rmed?

To perform conduction anesthesia a patient had been administered a drug used in dental surgery. The patient developed the symptoms of poisoni¬ng: central nervous system excitation followed by paralysis and acute cardi¬ovascular insufficiency (collapse). Addi¬tionally there were allergic reactions (itching, swelling, erythema). Name this drug:

Enzymes and other active substances regulating connective tissue density and permeability are being produced in connective tissue cells. What enzyme drug is used to make the connecti¬ve tissue growths looser and more permeable?

A schizophrenic patient has been prescribed aminazine. What pharmacodynamic action of this drug justifies its prescription in this case?

A patient with maxillofacial joint arthritis has come to a dentist. The denti¬st prescribed an ointment with an anti-inflammatory agent that is a pyrazolone derivative. Name this agent:

A 55-year-old man with acute heart failure has been administered a quick- relief cardiac glycoside. Which of the following drugs has been given to the patient?

A patient suffering from ciliary arrhythmia with anamnesis of bronchi¬al asthma should be prescribed an anti¬arrhythmic drug. What antiarrhythmic drug is CONTRAINDICATED in this case?

A 35-year-old woman is diagnosed with faucial diphtheria. The patient di¬ed with signs of acute heart failure. On autopsy: heart cavities are enlarged in the diameter, heart muscle is dull, flaccid, striped on section, with yellowish areas under the endocardium. What type of degeneration was detected in cardiac hystiocytes?

A 67-year-old patient has ordered a full functional denture. It was necessary to extract his left upper canine. After infraorbital anaesthesia the patient presented with progressing hematoma in the frontal part of his face. The patient was found to have an injury of the artery that is the branch of:

A woman, who had undergone mastectomy due to breast cancer, was prescribed a course of radiation therapy. What vitamin preparation has marked antiradiation effect due to its antioxidant activity?

Often the cause of secondary immunodeficiency is an infectious affection of an organism, when agents reproduce directly in the cells of immune system and destroy them. Specify the di¬seases, during which the described above occurs:

Premature babies often develop respiratory distress syndrome. This pathology is caused by the deficiency of a certain component of the blood-air barrier. Name this component:

A forensic laboratory received clothes of a citizen, who a day before was reported missing. The clothes were found in a shed, there are red stai¬ns identified as blood by an expert. What reaction should be performed to determine whether these red stains are dried human blood?

A patient has a history of chronic heart failure. Which of the following hemodynamic parameters is a major symptom of cardiac decompensation development?

A 45-year-old patient with essential hypertension, who has been taking an antihypertensive drug for 4 days, notes that his blood pressure is normalized; however the patient complains of sleepi¬ness and sluggishness. What drug is the patient taking?

Due to trauma the patient’s parathyroid glands have been removed, which resulted in inertness, thirst, sharp increase of neuromuscular excitability. Metabolism of the following substance is disturbed:

A doctor has established signifi¬cant growth retardation, disproportional body build, and mental deficiency of a child. What is the most likely cause of this pathology?

To terminate hypertensive crisis the patient was administered solution of magnesium sulfate. What route of drug administration should be chosen?

A specimen presents an endocri¬ne system organ covered with capsule made of connective tissue. Septa branch off from the capsule inwards and divi¬de the organ into lobules. Each lobule consists of two cell types: neurosecretory pinealocytes (polygonal cells with processes) located in the center and gli¬acytes (astrocytes) located at the peri¬phery. What organ is represented in this specimen?

After introdiction of adrenaline the patient’s blood glucose level increased. It is caused by intensified:

A 20-year-old young man, who started to train systematically in athleti¬cs, has the following resting-state blood values: erythrocytes - 5,5 • 1012/l, reti¬culocytes - 12%, hemoglobin - 160 g/l, color index - 1,03. Such blood values indicate erythropoiesis stimulation due to the following occurring in the process of his training:

In the armpits of a patient there are small (1-1,5 mm), dorsoventrally flattened, wingless, blood-sucking insects. Their larvae have been developi¬ng in the armpits as well. What disease is caused by these insects?

To treat peptic ulcer disease of the stomach a patient has been prescribed famotidine. Specify the mechanism of action of this drug:

A student, who unexpectedly met his girlfriend, developed an increase in systemic arterial pressure. This pressure change was caused by the intensified realization of the following reflexes:

A connective tissue specimen stained with hematoxylin-eosin shows isogenous cell groups surrounded with basophi¬lic intercellular substance. No fibrous structures are detected. What type of connective tissue is it?

A 46-year-old patient consulted an oculist about drooping of the upper eyelid. On examination he was di¬agnosed with a brain tumor. The pathological process must have affected the nuclei of the following pair of cranial nerves:

A 36-year-old patient consulted an ophthalmologist about eye ache. The examination revealed erosion of the cornea, that is the lack of superficial and spinous layers of the epithelium. What cells will provide regeneration of the damaged epithelium?

A patient undergoing treatment with nitrofurans has imbibed a small amount of alcohol, which resulted in severe poi-soning. The poisoning developed due to:

During development of a frostbite the exposed skin becomes pale and its temperature drops. What mechanism is the basis of these developments?

A patient during fasting developed ketoacidosis as a result of increased fatty acids decomposition. This decompositi¬on can be inhibited with:

Examination of a patient revealed glycosuria and hyperglycemia. He complains of dry mouth, itchy skin, frequent urination, thirst. He has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. What is the cause of polyuria in this patient?

Due to overdosage of a vasodilator a 58-year-old patient has developed acute vascular insufficiency. What drug would be advisable for termination of this pathological condition?

To treat chronic heart failure a patient takes digoxin. What diuretic can increase digoxin toxicity due to increased excretion of K + ions?

A patient, who had been eating only polished rice, developed polyneuri¬tis caused by thiamine deficiency. What compound can be indicative of this kind of avitaminosis when excreted with uri¬ne?

A doctor examined a patient, studi¬ed the patient’s blood analyses and concluded that the peripheral organs of immunogenesis are damaged. What organs are the most likely to be affected?

In what organ biotransformation (metabolic transformation) of most medicinal agents occurs upon their introduction into an organism?

A patient with diabetes mellitus has been delivered to a hospital unconsci¬ous. BP is low, Kussmaul’s respiration is observed, the smell of acetone can be detected from the patient’s mouth. What mechanism is leading in the coma development in this case?

A patient has been diagnosed with bi¬cuspid valve insufficiency. Where is this valve located?

In the epicenter of the registered rabies cases among wild animals a 43- year-old man came to a clinic and clai¬med to have been bitten by a stray dog. He was given a course of anti-rabies vaccine. This preparation belongs to the following type of vaccines:

In Western Europe nearly half of all congenital malformations occur in the children conceived in the period when pesticides were used extensively in the region. These congenital conditions are the result of the following factor:

Gastrulation is the period of embryogenesis, when germinal layers are formed, resulting in three-layered structure of an embryo. What gastrulati- on mechanism is characteristic of a human embryo?

A 19-year-old young man has been examined in a nephrological hospi¬tal. Increased potassium content was detected in secondary urine of the pati¬ent. Such alterations are the most likely to be caused by the increased secretion of the following hormone:

A 12-year-old boy has tetanic convulsions. What gland can be functi¬onally impaired in this case?

A man came to a surgeon with complains of pain in his lower right abdomen. On deep palpation the doctor detected a painful area in the right ingui¬nal region. What part of the intestine is the most likely to be affected with pathological process?

During investigation of skin epitheli¬um it was determed, that it consists of several cellular layers. Epithelial cells of the external layer have no nuclei. What type of epithelium is it?

A histological specimen shows termi¬nal secretory parts of glands made of conic cells with basophilic cytoplasm and a roundish nucleus in the centre. Specify the type of terminal secretory parts by the type of secretion:

Electron diffraction pattern of a spermatozoon clearly presents a sheath¬like structure localized in the spermi- ocalyptrotheca and participating in di¬ssolution of ovular membranes. Name this structure:

A patient complains of toothache. On examination he has been di¬agnosed with pulpitis. Which factor played the main pathogenic role in the development of pain syndrome in this case?

The patient’s saliva has been tested for antibacterial activity. What saliva component has antibacterial properties?

A patient with a bleeding knife wound in the area of carotid triangle has been delivered to a hospital. Blood flowi¬ng from the wound is dark. What vessel is injured?

A patient with symptoms of acute heart failure, namely pallor, acrocyanosis, and rapid shallow breathi¬ng, has been delivered to an emergency department. Which of these drugs is indi¬cated in this case?

A victim of an earthquake has been remaining under debris for 7 days wi¬thout food or water. What type of starvation is it?

Micromanipulator was used to extract one of the two centrioles of centrosome (cell center) from hepatocyte (liver cell). What process will STOP OCCURRING in this cell?

During an experiment aimed as study of respiration regulation processes the peripheral chemoreceptors of test ani¬mals were stimulated, which resulted in changed respiratory rate and depth. Where are these receptors localized?

After an abortion a 25-year-old woman developed oliguria, anuria, and increasing azotemia. The patient di¬ed of acute renal failure. Autopsy revealed degeneration and necrosis of the convoluted renal tubules epithelium. What disease was the cause of death in this case?

A child with a foreign body in the lungs has been hospitalized. What bronchus is the most likely to contain this foreign body, if its diameter approxi¬mates to 1,5 cm?

During examination of the oral cavity at the vestibular surface of the lower right incisor there was detected a rounded growth on the thin pedicle. Histologically: in the connective tissue there are numerous thin-walled sinusoi¬ds, hemorrhage areas, hemosiderin foci, and giant cells resembling osteoclasts. Make the diagnosis:

A 35-year-old man has come to a dentist with complaints of decreased density of the dental tissue and increased brittleness of his teeth during consumpti¬on of hard food. Laboratory analysis measured Ca/P correlation in the enamel sample. What value of Ca/P indicates increased demineralization?

During examination a dentist noti¬ced bowl-shaped defects on the frontal surface of the patient’s canines in the cervical area. Microscopically the pulp is covered with compacted dentin, sli¬ghtly atrophied and sclerosed. What pathological process occurs in the pati¬ent?

A patient complains of frequent bowel movements and stool with blood admixtures (’’raspberry jelly” stool). Mi-croscopic examination revealed large mononuclear cells with absorbed red blood cells. What protozoon is this morphological structure typical of?

During teeth examination on the lateral surface of the first upper molar there was detected a cone-shaped cari¬ous cavity with base oriented towards the tooth surface and apex - towards the tooth center. Softened dentin is visible at the floor of the carious cavity. Make the diagnosis:

After restoration of maxllary inci¬sors with artificial crowns a 44-year-old woman was found to have a brownish growth in the form of a node 15 mm in di¬ameter. Histological study revealed that under the stratified squamous epitheli¬um of the gingiva there was a connecti¬ve tissue mass with numerous sinusoi¬dal vessels, oval-shaped mononuclear cells forming osteoid substance, and polynuclear giant cells that destroyed the alveolar ridge of the upper jaw. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A woman is diagnosed with fatty ti¬ssue inflammation located between the leaves of broad ligament of the uterus. Name this anatomical structure:

Normal metabolic rate and energy expenditure should be taken into account when actual basal metabolic rate of a patient is being determied by means of indirect calorimetry. Normal metabolic rate can be determined most accurately based on the patient’s:

On microscopic examination of leftovers of the canned meat eaten by a patient with severe food toxicoinfecti- on the following was detected: gram¬positive bacilli with subterminal staini¬ng defect and configuration alteration of bacilli generally resembling a tennis racket. What agent was detected?

The patient’s examination in a hospital specialised in diseases of nervous system has revealed absence of light-induced miosis. It is caused by the damage of the following brain structures:

A newborn boy has been diagnosed with hydrocephalus. Doctors consider it to be caused by teratogenic factors. What germ layers are affected by the teratogen?

A patient on the 2nd day after cardiac infarction presents with acute decrease of systolic blood pressure down to 60 mm Hg with tachycardia 140/min., dyspnea, loss of consciousness. What mechanism is essential in the pathogenesis of shock developed in this case?

For biochemical diagnostics of cardiac infarction it is necessary to determine activity of a number of enzymes and their izoenzymes in the blood. What enzyme assay is considered to be optimal for confirming or ruling out cardiac infarction at the early stage, after the patient develops thoracic pain?

A 56-year-old man presents wi¬ th parathyroid tumor. The followi¬ng is observed: muscle weakness, osteoporosis, bone deformation, nephroliths consisting of oxalates and phosphates. The patient’s condition is caused by:

There is increased activity of AST, LDH1, LDH2, and CPK in the patient’s blood. Pathological process most likely occurs in the:

A patient suffering from acute vascular purpura is prescribed a first- generation antihistamine with local anaesthetic, antispasmodic, and sedati¬ve action. Specify this drug:

A patient with autoimmune thyroi¬ditis has been prescribed a peptide hormonal agent. Specify this agent:

A 42-year-old woman, who has been keeping to a vegetarian diet for a long period of time, consulted a doctor. Examination revealed negative nitrogen balance in the patient. What factor is the most likely cause of such a condition?

Cytogenetic analysis allowed to determine the patient’s karyotype - 47, XY, +21/46, XY. Name this condition:

A patient, who after a trauma suffers from impeded active flexion of elbow, consulted a traumatologist. What muscle is the most likely to be damaged?

In the patient’s feces there were eggs of Fasciola hepatica. The doctor, however, refrained from making di¬agnosis and insisted on a repeat of analysis, with beef liver excluded from the patient’s diet. What led the doctor to make such decision?

A patient presents with dysfunction of the cerebral cortex accompanied by epileptic seizures. He has been admini¬stered a biogenic amine synthetized from glutamate and responsible for central inhibition. What substance is it?

Red bone marrow has been damaged under radioactive emission of 5 Gy. What determines the red bone marrow sensitivity towards ionizing radi¬ation?

A 40-year-old patient suffers from intolerance of dairy products. This condition has likely developed due to insufficiency of the following digestive enzyme:

A patient has been diagnosed wi¬th severe Si2-deficient anemia with hemopoiesis disturbance. Anamnesis states total gastrectomy. What cells allow to confirm this diagnosis, if they are absent in the peripheral blood?

To prevent wound infection associ¬ated with surgical procedures a patient was given a synthetic antiprotozoan drug demonstrating high activity against Heli¬cobacter pylori. Specify this drug:

A specimen of intestine demonstrates complex branching tubuloalveolar glands with their ends embedded in the submucous layer. What organ is it?

After examining a patient a doctor recommended him to exclude rich meat and vegetable broths, spices, and smoked products from the diet, since the patient was found to have:

Roentgenologically confirmed obstruction of common bile duct resulted in preventing bile from inflowi¬ng to the duodenum. What process is likely to be disturbed?

Typical signs of food poisoning caused by A. botulinum include diplopia, swallowing and respiration disorders. These signs develop due to:

A patient in a grave condition has been delivered to an admission ward. Examination revealed pupil mydriasis, no reaction to the light, considerable reddening and dryness of skin and mucous membranes. What drug could have caused the intoxication symptoms?

A patient consulted a therapeuti¬st with complaints of pain in the chest, cough, fever. X-ray revealed eosinophi¬lic infiltrates in the lungs, further investi¬gation of which allowed to detect presence of larvae. What helminthiasis is it characteristic of?

As a result of an injury a child developed an abscess of adipose tissue of the cheek. With time the process spread to the lateral surface of the pharynx. Pus had spread along the following fascia:

Brain investigation by means of nuclear magnetic resonance revealed the patient to have a hematoma in the genu of the internal capsule. What pathway is damaged in this case?

Cytochemical investigation revealed high content of hydrolytic enzymes in the cytoplasm. This phenomenon indicates the activity of the following organelles:

A victim of a traffic accident has lost thoracic respiration but retaines di- aphragmal. The spinal cord is most likely to be damaged at:

Preventative examination of a 55- year-old patient revealed type II di¬abetes mellitus. An endocrinologist detected an increase in body weight and liver enlargement. The man is a nonsmoker and does not abuse alcohol but likes to have a ’’hearty meal’.’ Hi¬stological examination by means of di-agnostic liver puncture revealed that the hepatocytes were enlarged mostly on the lobule periphery, their cytoplasm had transparent vacuoles that reacted positi¬vely with sudan III. What liver pathology was revealed?

On microscopic examination of a surgical biopsy material (part of the lip with an ulcer) near the ulcer margins and under the ulcer floor in the connecti¬ve tissue of mucosa there are epithelial complexes composed of atypical stratifi¬ed epithelium with pathological mitotic figures. Within these complexes there are accumulations of bright pink concentric formations. What pathology is it?

During examination of a patient with a periodontal disease it would be advisable to investigate functional state of blood vessels of the dentomaxillary area. What method can be applied in this case?

A patient with displaced fracture of the right coronoid process of mandible has been delivered to a first-aid center. What muscle had displaced the coronoid process?

A patient with bronchial asthma has developed a bronchial spasm duri¬ng the visit to a dentist. Name the drug necessary to arrest the spasm:

Microscopy of an oval cell, 150 micron in size, revealed the following: cytoplasm has yolk inclusions but no centrioles. Name this cell:

A worker of a cattle farm consulted a surgeon about fever up to 40oC, headache, weakness. Objective exami¬nation of his back revealed hyperemia and a dark red infiltration up to 5 cm in diameter with black bottom in its center, which was surrounded with pustules. What disease are these presentations typical of?

The autopsy of a 37-year-old man has revealed the following: in the aorta on the smooth glossy ivory-colored inti- ma there are yellowish-gray spots' blendi¬ng with each other, which form stripes that do not protrude from the intima surface. Microscopy reveals swelling and destruction of elastic membranes, di¬ffuse impregnation of aortic wall with orange granules ( if stained with Sudan III), orange coloring of macrophage cytoplasm and nonstriated muscle elements. Specify this process:

A patient with acute bronchitis has been prescribed sulfanilamide drugs for treatment. In an hour after administrati¬on the patient developed itching and vesicles filled with light transparent li¬quid on the face, palms and soles. Name the mechanism of immune response:

A 47-year-old man consulted a dentist about difficult mouth opening (trismus). The patient has a history of a stab wound of the lower extremity. What infection can be manifested by these symptoms?

A 69-year-old patient developed a small plaque with subsequent ulceration on the skin of the lower eyelid. The formation was removed. Microscopic examination of dermis revealed complexes of atypical epitheli¬al cells arranged perpendicularly to the basal membrane on the periphery. The cells were dark, of polygonal prismatic shape, and had hyperchromic nuclei with frequent mitoses. What is the histologi¬cal form of carcinoma in this patient?

A 68-year-old man, who had been suffering from essential hypertension for a long time, was delivered to a resusci-tation unit with hemiplegia. The patient died after 7 hours. On autopsy: in the right cerebral hemisphere there is a cavi¬ ty 5x5 cm in size with uneven margins, filled with dark red blood clots. What cerebral circulation disorder developed in the patient?

What factor results in the highest energy expenditure under the normal vi¬tal activity conditions?

To drain the oral cavity a dentist places a tampon between the cheek and the 2nd upper molar. This way secreti¬on of the following salivary gland WILL NOT be able to accumulate in the oral cavity:

During thermal stimulation it is characteristic of oral cavity blood vessels to:

After the cerebral hemorrhage a patient developed aphasia - lost the abi¬lity to articulate words. The hemorrhage is localized in the:

To assess the rate of collagen di- sintegration during certain connective tissue disturbances, it is necessary to measure the urine content of the followi¬ng:

Deaf parents with genotypes DDee and ddEE gave birth to a girl with normal hearing. Specify the form of D and E genes interaction:

A 33-year-old man has a cystic growth connected to the 2nd molar of the lower jaw. Within the cystic cavity there is a rudimentary tooth. On mi¬croscopy: inner cystic surface is covered with stratified squamous epithelium, there are groups of mucin-producing cells. What diagnosis is the most likely?

In the course of an experiment researchers stimulate a branch of the sympathetic nerve that innervates heart. What alterations of cardiac activity should be registered?

A patient with a nasal trauma presents with skull fracture that circles the piriform opening. What bone is damaged?

During tooth brushing it is not uncommon for oral mucosa to be injured. However, bleeding quickly stops on its own. What substances in saliva qui¬ckly staunch the flow of blood during mi¬nor oral injuries?

The autopsy of a 45-year-old man, who worked in organic acids producti¬on and died from uremia, has revealed reduced and completely destroyed crowns of the upper and lower incisors. Microscopy detects destruction of dentin and enamel, the pulp is covered with dense replacing dentin. What pathologi¬cal process occurred in the teeth in this case?

During postmortem examinati¬on of a 9-month-old infant it was determined that the cause of death was cerebral edema. What water-electrolyte imbalance is the most likely cause of the edema development?

An accident had resulted in a 65-year-old man drowning in a lake. Resuscitation measures allowed to restore his respiration and cardiac functi¬on. What factor prolongs the period of apparent death?

An athlete (a long-distance runner) during competition has developed acute heart failure. This pathology developed due to:

In postabsorptive state glycogen synthesis is increased in liver and muscles. The syntesis involves the following substance:

A 50-year-old man, who has been suffering for a long time from vi¬ral hepatitis, developed mental impai¬rments, impairments of consciousness, and motor disturbances (tremor, ataxia, etc.). What is the mechanism of such condition?

A 30-year-old man had suffered a thoracic trauma in a traffic accident, whi¬ch resulted in disturbance of external respiration. What ventilatory failure can be observed in this case?

A girl is diagnosed with pri¬mary microcephaly that is a monogenic autosomal recessive disease. Her natural brother develops normally. What genotypes do the parents of these chi¬ldren have?

A patient diagnosed with botulism has been prescribed antibotulinic serum for treatment. What immunity will be formed in the given patient?